THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF BATS. 195 



than head ; thumb with rudimentary claw ; tail j>rojecting noticeably 

 beyond free edge of interfemoral membrane. 



Species examined. — Myzopoda aurita Milne-Edwards and Grandi- 

 dier. 



Family VESPERTILIONID^. 



1821. Vespertilionidw (part; Race 2) Gray, London Medical Repository, 

 XV, p. 290, April 1, 1821. 



1827. Vespertilionina Lesson, Man. de Mammalogie, p. 87. 



1831. Vcspertiliones (Vespertilionidw) (part; Vespertilionina, part) Bona- 

 parte, Saggio di una distrib. metodica degli Anim. Vert, p. 15. 



1838. Vespertilionidw (part; Vespertilionina, part) Bonapabte, Nuovi An- 

 nali delle Scienze Naturali, Bologna, Anno I, Tomo II, p. 112. 



1838. Vespertilionidw (part; Vespertilionina, part) Gray, Mag. Zool. and 

 Bot, II, p. 494. December, 1838. 



1855. [ Vespertilionidw] " Vespertilionides " (part; Vespertilionina) Gekvais, 

 Expgd du Comte de Castelnau, Zool. Mamm., p. 52. 



1865. V expert iliones Peteks, Monatsber. It. preuss. Akad. Wissensch., Ber- 

 lin, p. 258. ' 



1866. Vespertilionidw (part; Heotophiliiia, Romiciana, Vespertilionina, Ple- 

 cotina, and Nyctophilia!!) Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, 3d ser., 

 XVII, p. 89, February, 1860. 



1870. Vcspertiliones (part ; Vcspertiliones, part) Fitzinger, Sitz.-ber. k. 



Akad. Wissensch., Wien, Math. Naturwiss., Classe, LXI, I Abtb., p. 458. 

 1872. Vespertilionidw Gill, Arrangement of the Families of Mammals, p. 17. 

 1875. Vespertilionidw Dobson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., XVI, p. 



348, November, 1875 (except genera Nutalus and Tliyroptera, p. 349). 

 1878. Vespertilionidw Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 167 (except 



genera Natal vs and Tliyroptera, p. 341-347). 

 1886. V expert ilionicl a' Gill, Standard Natural History, V, p. 165. 



1891. Vespertilionidw Flower and Lydekker, Mammals living and extinct, 

 p. 660 (except Nataltis. p. <>04, and Thyropterine division, p. 665). 



1892. Vespertilionidw (part; Yespertilionini) Winge, Jordfundne og nule- 

 vende Flagermus (Chiroptera) fra Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes, 

 Brasilien, p. 24. 



Geographic distribution.. — Eastern and western hemispheres to the 

 limit of tree growth ; in the Atlantic to the Azores, and in the Pacific 

 to the Galapagos and Hawaiian Islands from America, and 3 to New 

 Zealand and Samoa from Asia. 



Characters. — Humerus with trochiter very noticeably larger than 

 trochin and projecting distinctly beyond head, its surface of articu- 

 lation on scapula decidedly more than half as large as glenoid fossa, 

 distinctly concave and sharply outlined, epitrochlea obsolete, capitel- 

 lum scarcely out of line with shaft ; ulna usually fused with radius at 

 its head, the shaft reduced to a scarcely ossified fibrous strand; sec- 

 ond finger with fully developed metacarpal and one small bony 

 phalanx; third finger with three phalanges, of which the distal is 

 cartilaginous throughout except at extreme base, where distinct joint 

 is formed with middle phalanx ; shoulder girdle strictly normal in its 

 general structure, the seventh cervical vertebra free except in Tomo- 



