THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF BATS. 207 



Genus PTERYGISTES Kaup. 



1829. Ptcrygistes Kaup, Skizzirte Entw.-Gesch. u. natiirl. Syst der europ. 



Tliierw., I, p. 09 (noctula). 

 1839. Vesperugo Keysekling and Blasius, Wiegrnann's Archiv. fur Natur- 



gescli.. liter Jahrg., I, p. 312 (part). 

 1842. Noctulinia Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat Hist., X, p. 258 (part; contained 



proterus=noctiUa and fulvus—iScotophilHi; Jcuhlii.) 

 1856. Panugo Kolenati, Allgem. deutsch. naturhist, Zeitung, Dresden, neue 



Folge, II, p. 131 (noctula and Irisleri). 

 1878. Vesperugo Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 183 (part). 

 1893. Noctttlhiia II. Allen, Proc. U. S. National Museum, p. 30, June 13, 



1893. 

 1897. Pteryglstes Miller, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, (ith ser., XX, p. 384, 



October, 1897. 



Type-species. — Vespertilio noctula Schreber. 



Geographic distribution. — Northern portion of Eastern Hemisphere 

 from the Azores to Japan. 



Number of forms. — Eight species of Pterygistes are known : P. azo- 

 reum Thomas, P. lasiopterus (Schreber), P. leisleri (Kuhl), P max- 

 ima (Fatio), P. noctula (Schreber), P- stenopterus (Dobson), P. 

 madeiras Barrett-Hamilton, and P montanus Barrett-Hamilton. 



Character. — In general like Pipistrellus, with which it agrees in 

 dental formula ; fifth finger much shortened, scarcely longer than 

 metacarpal of fourth and third ; skull with nares extending unusually 

 far back, half way to interorbital constriction, and with very large 

 anterior palatal emargination ; teeth as in Pipistrellus, but outer 

 upper incisor very deeply concave and with a large anterior and small 

 posterior secondary cusp ; canine and pm * always strongly in con- 

 tact; pm s very small, quite invisible from outer side; canines with- 

 out trace of secondary cusps; first and second upper molars with 

 small but rather distinct hypocones; third upper molar with about 

 half the crown area of first, its metacone and three commissures well 

 developed ; lower molars strictly normal in all respects. 



Species examined. — I have examined all the known species. 



Remarks. — Though rather closely related to Pipistrellus and its 

 allies, this genus is well differentiated by the shortened fifth finger. 

 In the related genera with wing of normal form the fifth finger 

 exceeds the combined length of metacarpal and first phalanx of 

 fourth or third digit. 



Genus EPTESICUS Rafinesque. 



1820. Eptesicus Rafinesque, Annals of Nature, p. 2 (melanops=fuscus) . 

 1829. Cnephwus Kaup, Skizzirte Entw.-Gesch. u. natiirl. Syst der europ. 



Thierw., I, p. 103 (serotinus). 

 1839. Vesperugo Keyserling and Blasius, Wiegrnann's Archiv. fur Natur- 



geschichte, 5ter Jahrg., I, p. 312 (part). 



