THE FAMILIES AND GENEBA OF BATS. 227 



elongated, their greatest diameter about equal to length of tooth row 

 exclusive of incisors, the inner edge strongly emarginated anteriorly. 

 Ears very large, fully three-fourths as long as forearm, joined across 

 forehead by a low band of membrane ; tragus well developed. Nos- 

 trils simple, as in Myotis or Eptesicus. The only known species ic 

 nearly black with conspicuous white markings. 



Species examined. — Euderma maculatum (J. A. Allen). 



Remarks. — This strikingly characterized genus resembles Plecotus 

 and Corynorhinus in its skull and teeth, though all of the peculiarities 

 are much exaggerated. In its simple nostrils, strictly of the Vesper- 

 tilionine type it differs, however, very notably from the other mem- 

 bers of the Plecotine group. 



Subfamily MUTsTIOI'TJCRIlsr^ffi:. 



1875. Miniopteri Dobson, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., 4th ser., XVI, p. 349, 



November, 1875 (part). 

 1878. Miniopteri Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 170 (part). 



1891. Vespertilionidw (part: Miniopterine division, part) Flower and 

 Lydekkek, Mammals, living and extinct, p. 664. 



1898. Hiniopterce Trouessart, Catalogus mammalium, p. 134. 



Geographic distribution. — Northern Africa and southern Europe 

 and Asia, including the Malay region. 



Characters. — Like the Vespertilioninse, but presternum with median 

 lobe enormously developed and forming the greater part of the bone ; 

 scapula with the coracoid straight, directed conspicuously inward. 



Remarks. — The two characters on which this group is based might 

 seem insufficient were it not that they appear to be not only unique 

 but directly contrary to the tendency of the corresponding structures 

 in members of the related groups. I know of no other bat in which 

 the presternum consists chiefly of the median lobe. The straight, 

 inwardly directed coracoid is, however, found elsewhere, notably in 

 the Molossidse. 



Principal subdivisions. — The subfamily contains the one genus 

 Miniopterus. 



Genus MINIOPTERUS Bonaparte. 



1837. Miniopterus Bonaparte, Iconagr. della Fauna Italica, I, fasc. XX, 

 under Vespertilio emarginatus (subgenus of Vespertilio). 



1866. Miniopteris Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist, 3d ser., XVII, p. 91, 

 February, 1866. 



1878. Miniopterus Dobson, Catal. Cbiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 347. 



1892. Minyopterus Winge, Jordfundne og nulevende Flagermus (Ch'iroptera) 

 fra Lagoa Santa, Minas Geraes, Brasilien, p. 36. 



1900. Minneopteru.1 Lampe, Jahrbuch Nassau Ver. Naturkunde, .Tahrg. 53, 

 Catal. Saugeth. — Samml., p. 12. 



Type-species. — Vespertilio ursinii Bonaparte= V. schreibersii Kuhl. 



