THE FAMILIES AND GENERA OF BATS. 229 



Subfamily MURININ.E. 



1878. Vespertiliones Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 168 (part). 

 1891. Vespertilionida- (part: Vespertilionine division, part) Flower and 

 Lydekker, Mammals, living and extinct, p. 661. 



Geographic distribution. — Malay region, India, and central and 

 eastern Asia to Japan. 



Characters. — Anterior upper premolar (pm 2 ) very slightly reduced, 

 scarcely smaller than posterior premolar (pm ") and essentially like 

 it in form; molars essentially normal or considerably modified, the 

 metaconid always noticeably the largest cusp in m x and m z ; nos- 

 trils conspicuously tubular-projecting. 



Remarks. — The very unusual structure of the anterior upper pre- 

 molar suggests a primitive stage of development, preceding the ten- 

 dency to reduction to which the premolars are subject elsewhere 

 among the bats. The molars of H arpiocephalus are, on the other 

 hand, very highly modified, more so than in any other genus of Ves- 

 pertilionidse, though a suggestion of the same form of tooth is found 

 in Pachyotus. Both H arpiocephalus and Murina also show a high 

 degree of specialization in the tubular nostrils. It seems most natu- 

 ral, therefore, to regard the group as a specialized offshoot from 

 some low, Myotis-\ike Vespertilionine form. 



Principal subdivisions.-^-Tvfo very distinct genera of Murininae 

 are now known. 



KEY TO THE GENERA OF MURININjE. 



Molars essentially normal Murina, p. 229. 



Molars highly abnormal, m ' and in '' with main cusps closely approximated 

 and mesostyle absent, m " reduced to an almost structureless, sometimes 

 deciduous, remnant H arpiocephalus, p. 230. 



Genus MURINA Gray. 



1842. Murina Gray, Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., X, p. 258, December, 1842 



(suillus). 

 1842. Ocypetes Lesson, Nouv. Tabl. Regne Anim., p. 30 (part; included 



cavernaritm=harpia and suillus) ; not Ocypetes Wagler, 1832. 

 1878. Harpiocephalus Dobson, Catal. Chiropt. Brit. Mus., p. 276 (part: 



subgenus Murina, p. 277, and subgenus Harpiocephalus, p. 277, part). 



Type-species. — Vespertilio suillus Temminck. 



Geographic distribution. — Malay region, India, and central and 

 eastern Asia to Japan. 



Number of forms. — Eight species are known, including all of those 

 currently referred to u Murina " and all the members of Harpiocepha- 

 lus except harpia. 



Characters. — Dental formula : 



-23.1.-2-4567.2-2 1-1 2-2 3-3 



123.1.-2-456T * 3^3' c Y^V^ m ^V m 8^3= 34 - 



