CANIDiK. 179 



Common Jackals have round pupils like the "Wolf and Dog " (March 

 28, 1868). 



Mr. Bryan Hodgson, in his collection of Drawings of Nepalese 

 Animals, represents the Buansu (Otton), the Jackal or Shidar {Saca- 

 lius indicus), the Cabul Greyhound (Ganis eabulensis), the Tibetan 

 Terrier, Tibetan Mastiff (with four and five claws), Vulpes ferrilatus, 

 V. indicus, and V. suhhimaehalus, as all having round pupils ; but I 

 doubt if in the three last-mentioned this is not a mistake of the 

 artist. 



Dr. Eiippell, in his ' Atlas,' figures the Fennec and the North- 

 African Poxes with round pupils. 



The dentition of the family is generally uniform. The normal 

 number of teeth is 42, viz. cutting-teeth |, canines \ . \, premo- 

 lars f . \, sectorial teeth \ . \, tubercular grinders f . f . The incisors, 

 canines, and the last lower molar have a single fang ; the second and 

 third upper premolars and aU the premolars and molars below, but 

 the last, have two fangs. The upper sectorial or fourth premolar 

 and the last upper true molar have three fangs, the first upper pre- 

 molar four fangs. (See De Blainville, OsUogmpUe.) 



Some genera of the family present certain anomalies. Thus 

 leticyon has only 38 teeth, there being only one tubercular grinder 

 on each side of each jaw ; Guon has 40 teeth — that is, has two 

 tubercular grinders on each side of the upper, and only one on eact 

 side of the lower jaw. On the other hand, Thous and Megalotis have 

 44 teeth — :that is, two tubercular grinders on each side of the upper, 

 and three on each side of the lower jaw. Sometimes some anomalous 

 specimens present an excess over the usual number of teet"h : thus 

 M. de Blainville has figured, a Mastiff with three tubercular grinders 

 on each side of each jaw, the hinder small, cylindrical. {Ann. Franf. 

 et Etrang. d'Anat. ^-c. ii. p. 313, t. 1. f. 2.) 



The sectorial teeth in the upper jaw, in aU the typical Canidce, 

 are compressed, three-lobed, with a small internal lobe close to the 

 front edge. In the aberrant Otoeyon, on the contrary, the sectorial 

 tooth is nearly triangular, almost as wide as long, very unlike those 

 of the other Dogs. 



Synopsis of the Oenera^ 



Section I. LUPINiE. The skull thick, solid ; the postorbital pro- 

 cess thick, convex above and bent down at the tip. 



Subfam. 1. LYCAONINA. Head short, broad ; nose short, hroad. Teeth 

 large, close together. Palate very hroad, short. Tail short, straight. 



1. Ltcaon. 



Subfam. 2. CANINA. Head more or less elongate ; nose tapering. Teeth 

 moderate. Palate elongate. 



A. Wolves. Tail short, straight, bushy. SkuU elongate. Old Woi-ld 

 and America. 



* Head short ; teeth -38 ,- tuber fiihr grinders -J . }. 



2. IcTicTON. South America. 



s 2 



