8. cANis. 195 



Var. 2. Oanis familiaris japonieus, Temm. Fauna Japon. t. 10. 

 f. 5, 6 (skuU) ; Gerrard, Cat. of Bones of Mamm. p. 84. 



Var. 3. Gomis familiaris ehinensis, Gray, P. Z. 8. 1868, f. (skull). 



B.M. 



Var. 4. Oanis familiaris Novce Hibemim, Fischer, Svn, p. 186 

 (called "PouU"). 



Var. 5. Native Dog of New Zealand. Fur rather long, black- and 

 white-varied, B.M. 



2. Cauls ceylanicns. 



Chien sauvage indien, Vossmar, Be&eript. 1775, t. 



Oanis ceylanicus, Shaw, Zool. i. p. 312 ; Qray, P. Z. 8. 1868, p. 509. 



Ceylon Dog, I^n. 



Hah. Ceylon. 



3. Canis tetradactyla. 



Chien sauvage de Cayenne, Actes de la Soc. cPH. N. de Paris, i. 



p. 115 ; Meyer, Zool. Am. i. p. 134. 

 ? Canis familiaris cayanensis, Mainv. OsUogr. t. 7* (skull). 

 Canis tetradactyla, tocher, Syn. p. 293 ; Gray, P. Z. S. 1868, p. 509. 



Hab. Cayenne. 



4. Canis dingo. 



Ears erect. Tail elongate. Tubercular grinders |. — Blainville. 



Canis dingo, Phtmenb. Hirndb. p. 103 ; Gray, List of Mamm. P. M. 



p. 57 ; P. Z. S. 1868, p. 609 ; Gerrard, Cat. of Pones of Mamm. 



p. 84. 

 Canis familiaris Australasise, Desm. Mamm. p. 190 : Plainv. Ostdoar. 



t. 8 (skuU). 

 Dingo or Australasian Dog, Shaw, Gen. Zool. i. p. 277, f. 76. 



Hab. Australia. 



Var. sumatrensis. SkuU. short ; face short, broad. Tubercular 

 grinders |, weU developed. — Qray, I. e. p. 509. 



Canis familiaris sumatrensis, Hardw. lAnn. Trans, xiii. p. 235, t. 23. 

 Canis sumatrensis, Fischer, Syn. Mainm. p. 186, 



Hah. Sumatra. 



The Domestic Dog has been bred into various weU-marked varie- 

 ties, some of which have existed from the earliest historical period, 

 and are to be found everywhere the companions of man. New 

 varieties are very rarely if ever produced ; and some of the old or 

 well-known varieties have a great tendency to die out, at least for 

 a time. Indeed all varieties are only to be retained by careful 

 breeding and weeding — that is, by the destruction, or at least ex- 

 clusion from breeding, of the examples that do not come up to the 

 standard. If this is not done, they soon deteriorate into the common 

 Cur or the Pariah Dog of India. 



Most varieties occur of very different sizes — from very large to 

 large, middle-sized, si^aU, or very sirlall. 



The varieties always present the same general external appearance, 

 and often have a peculiar colour. For example, the Poodles always 



2 



