316 EHINOCETlOTIDiE. 



1742 and 1743 ; and the specimens which he figured are now in 

 the British Museum. 



There is considerable divergence of opinion among travellers re- 

 specting the horns of the African Mhinocerotes. Dr. Andrew Smith 

 observes, " I do not think that the horns of the same species of 

 African Ehinoceroses are subject to any great variations in respect 

 to relative length." 



Capt. CornwaUis Harris, on the contrary, <after describing the 

 horns of G. hicomis as unequal, says " the horns are sometimes 

 nearly of the same length." Further on he observes " that some- 

 times accident or disease renders the front horn the shortest of the 

 two." 



" The relative length of the horns varies a little in different indi- 

 viduals of R. bieornis ; but the hindermost one in both sexes is inva- 

 riably much the shortest, and in young specimens it is scarcely visible 

 when the other is several inches in length." — A. Smith. 



" In JR. heitloa the young have horns of equal length." — A. Smith. 



3. RHINASTER. (Black Ehinoceros.) 



Head short, high; forehead convex; nose rounded in front. Upper 

 lip with a central conical process. Horns two, unequal. Skin 

 smooth, not divided into shields by plaits. Skull short, high ; the 

 portion of the skull behind the hinder edge of the last or seventh 

 grinder not so long as the portion in front of it, the occiput erect, 

 ike upper margin only slightly produced over it ; forehead concave, 

 shelving; nasal bones on the sides convex, subspherical above, 

 rounded in front. Tooth-line curved, bent up at each end. Lower 

 jaw thick in front. Shoulder with a more or less developed hunch. 



Ehinaster, Gray, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 1024. 

 " Living in herds ; a ' browser,' feeding on leaves and young 

 shoots of trees. It frequents forest and bush country, avoiding 

 grassy plains."— Zir-A;, P. Z. S. 1 864, p. 655. 



A. Horns cylindrical, conical, front recurved, hinder short ; head short and 

 high, compressed in front ; forehead fled,, narrow ; tipper lip sub- 

 truncate; shoulder-hump rudimentary. Ehinaster. — Gray, P. Z. 8. 

 1867, p. 1024. 



1. Khiiiaster bieornis. (Bovili.) B,M. 



Horns unequal, cylindrical at the base, and conical, blunt, the 

 hinder smaller, front recurved ; shoulder-hunch rudimentary, neck- 

 grooves well marked, " Pale brown ; " upper lip truncated, scarcely 

 produced in the centre. 



Ehinoceros horn, Parsons, Phil. Trans. 1742-43, t. 3. f. 3, 4. 

 Ehinoceros bieornis, Zinn. S. iV. i. p. 104 ; Sparrm. K. Vet. Akad. 



Handl. 1778, t. 9 ; A. Smith, III. Z. S. Africa, t. 2. 

 Ehinoceros bicome du Cap (part.), Giebel, p. 200 ; Cuvier, Oss. Foss. 



ii.p. 29, t. 4. f. 7,t. 16, T. 10 ; Mlainv. Ostiogr. Onguligrades, t. 3,4 



(skull &c.). 



