198 PRACTICAL IRRIGATION. 



water, on the ground at the side of the hole with the faucet over it; 

 allowing the hole to be filled with water from the faucet to the de- 

 sired height, regulating the flow so that the water will stand at this 

 height in the hole. Assume that you desire to soak away 389 gallons 

 in this hole (the equivalent of one miners' inch continuous flow to 

 ten acres where there are 100 trees per acrej and that it took 38.9 

 hours to soak away the 389 gallons, this would be at tne rate of ten 

 gallons per hour; one would then know that such irrigation must 

 continue by this system for 38.9 hours in order to get what would be 

 equivalent to one miners' inch, continuous flow, to ten acres. 



And the f^econd objection is, the trouble of cultivation where there 

 are troughs and holes through an orchard. But if the troughs are 

 set deep enough, there is little ob.iection on this hand. The holes form 

 little or no objection. It must be remembered that not one-half the cul- 

 tivation is necessary as in the other system. Besides there is nothing 

 good in this world without its corresponding evil. 



It has been found that orange trees that are twenty years old and 

 upwards, which were wilted, were revived by the application of 200 

 gallons of water per tree in this way, and remained in a fresh con- 

 dition for over thirty days. How much less might have answered the 

 purpose will be determined in the future by actual measurement. 



The system of sub-irrigation or inter-irrigation is especially adapted 

 to small flower beds and garden purposes generally. 



Two modiflcations of the above described plan for interirrigation 

 have been installed on a number of ranches in Southern California 

 during the past year with the most beneficial results. The first and 

 undoubtedly the best method is conducted as follows: One or two 

 deep furrows, not less than 12 to 14 inches deep, are plowed between 

 each row of trees, parallel to the head ditch, then the irrigating fur- 

 rows are made at right angles to the flume, but some two or three 

 inches shallower than the cross furrows. The cross furrows are then 

 run over with a single horse shovel opening the connections with the 

 irrigating furrows on one side and closing them at the other side — 

 thus making a pocket in which the water is held during the period of 

 irrigation. 



The second method merely consists in making one deep furrow be- 

 tween each row of trees, the furrow being not less than 14 inches deep 

 — made by running a turning plow both ways in it and where neces- 

 sary running a subsoiler in the bottom of the furrow so made. 



