118 STUDIES IN BIRD-MIGRATION 



has only twice been detected elsewhere in Scotland at 

 the time of writing, yet it arrives annually in the autumn 

 at Fair Isle, but is not abundant, though small parties 

 are not uncommon. The dates between which its first 

 appearance has been detected range from 7th October 

 to 5th November, and it has some years been observed 

 throughout winter. It has been observed in spring as 

 late as 2nd April. 



During its sojourn it frequents all parts of the 

 island, but is most frequently seen on the stubbles and 

 other land under cultivation. It is noted that Wood- 

 larks very rarely associate with the Skylarks, from 

 which they can easily be distinguished by their flight 

 and notes. 



Calandrella brachydactyla, Short-toed Lark. — 

 This uncommon straggler from Southern Europe has 

 occurred on not less than three occasions. The first 

 visitor, a male, was detected by its lighter colouring and 

 smaller size, amongst some Skylarks on nth November 

 1907 ; the second, a female, was found on i8th June 1908 ; 

 and, lastly, a male was obtained on 28th November 19 10. 

 These Fair Isle birds vary much in colour, but I have 

 been unable to assign them to separate races. 



Otocorys alpestris, Shore-Lark. — This bird occurs 

 annually in autumn, and sometimes remains well into 

 winter. It has, as yet, only once been observed in 

 spring. 



The dates upon which it has first appeared in autumn 

 range from 15th to 23rd October, after which arrivals 

 have taken place as late as 17th November. It has 

 been observed in winter down to i6th December; and 

 the spring bird was seen on 6th March. 



It usually frequents the high heathery ground and 



