212 STUDIES IN BIRD-MIGRATION 



*Anthus trivialis, Tree-Pipit. — Quite a number 

 were present on ist September 1910, and several made 

 their appearance on six subsequent dates, the last on 

 6th October. It was not observed in the autumn of 

 1911. 



During their visits they chiefly resorted to those 

 portions of the crofts which were under grass. 



Anthus obscurus, Rock-Pipit. — Macaulay's " Larks," 

 as already mentioned, were probably Rock-Pipits, 

 MacGillivray (p. 57), in 1840, described it as common 

 under the name of Anthus aquaticus, and it appears in 

 the lists of all the subsequent visitors interested in 

 birds. 



It was quite common during my visits, especially in 

 close proximity to the houses, and very tame, 



* Anthus pennsylvanicus, American Pipit. — A 

 young male was captured on a small burn close to the 

 village on 30th September 19 10, It is doubtful if we 

 should have detected it, in its autumn dress, among the 

 numerous Meadow- Pipits, if its unfamiliar note had not 

 attracted our attention. In this stage of plumage the 

 upper surface much resembles that of a Rock-Pipit, but 

 the under surface is cinnamon brown, the pale markings 

 on the outer pairs of tail feathers are pure white, and the 

 tarsus and toes are black. This bird is new to the 

 British avifauna, and must be regarded, along with the 

 Marsh- Warbler, as the most remarkable and unexpected 

 of our captures in 19 10. 



* Anthus cervinus, Red-throated Pipit. — On 21st 

 September 19 10, one flew over my head uttering its unmis- 

 takable note, vividly recalling the occasion on which I 

 first made the bird's acquaintance at Fair Isle under 

 precisely similar circumstances on 3rd October 1908. 



