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boring Insects are controllea by the woodpeckers; the smaller In- 

 sects, hiding under the hark, do not escape the dreepers and nut- 

 hatches; the larvae feeding on the leaves, or hidden in nests are 

 destroyed by the thrashers, mocking birds and cuckoos; the tiny 

 insects on the smallest twigs are hunted diligently by the warblers 

 and vireos, while the chickadees seem to scour the trees, from the 

 smallest branches of the top to the very base of the trunk, 

 collecting what others may have missed. Insects feeding on the 

 undergrowth do not escape such "birds as the thrushes and finches, 

 and those on the ground are discovered by the towhee and grouse. 

 The ]diter also, in spring, eats the buds of tender shoots for its 

 food, and the trees may be benefitted by this pruning. Hven those 

 insects which attempt escape by flight may be c aught in mid air by 

 the kinglets and flycatchers. Bach type or species of tree, or 

 vegetation as well as every habitat, has its characteristic fauna 

 more or less definitely defined. 



That birds are usually more common in breadleaf , than in 

 coniferous forests, is evidence in itself that the balance of nature 

 is being maintained, for deciduous trees have more insect enemies, 

 and the supply of food is therefore greater. Packard '%ists 442 

 species of insects affecting the American oaks, while but 170 are 

 listed for the pines, and less than 400 for all coniferous trees. 

 However, the black throated green warbler and the pine warbler are 

 characteristic of coniferous forests. The towhee and wood thrush 

 are characteristic of deciduous forests, ilach has its particular 

 preference or habitat within the forest, the former frequenting 



