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when aooomplished with a mlnimvun of disturbance to the wild life, 

 and should be avoided during the breeding season. 



Forest protection as it particularly affects wild life, in- 

 cludes preventive or remedial measures against insect attacks. The 

 insectivorous birds constitute the most efficient practicable con- 

 trol of insects in a forest, and should be attracted and protected 

 as far as possible. Dead and dying trees provide hiding and breed- 

 ing plaioes for insects, as well as constitute a dangerous fire 

 hazard. They are often removed as a protective measure^^^S t>ut 

 as these trees also provide nesting places for woodpeckers, which 

 are valuable forest and woodland non-migratory birds, the benefit 

 derived from removing them has, from the wild life stsindpoint, to 

 be balajiced against this other value. The complete removal of 

 available nesting sites over a large area would effectively drive 

 out the woodpeckers and would contribute to the increase of insects. 

 The use of artificial nest boxes, as a substitute for dead trees, 

 is practicable only on small areas where proper care can be given 

 them. 



Forest management refers to the application of forestry in 

 the conduct of the forest business. It determines the time when 

 trees may profitably be felled, and considers the economic acpects 

 of all operations in the forest. It is concerned primarily with 

 the forest from a business standpoint, and affects wild life con- 

 servation and recreational use mainly as it makes the above men- 

 tioned provisions for them in the working plan of management, and 

 as it orders, in time and place, the most advantageous use of the 

 property. 



