156 MANUAL OF POISONOUS PLANTS 



carpels united; in one division ovules with many megaspores. In most plants 

 of the other division there is a single megaspore with synergidal and antipodal 

 cells. {Choripetalae and Apetalae). a- Archichlamydeae. 395 



Tropical plants with monoecious flowers and branches with a longitudinal 

 ridge in which the stomata are hidden. Verticillatae. 395 



Dicotyledonous herbs; petals and sepals absent; flowers small spicate with 

 bractlets. Piperales. 396 



Trees or shrubs; flowers small, in catkins, imperfect; sepals and petals 

 none; leaves simple; fruit a many-seeded capsule; seeds with tufts of hairs 

 at one end. Salicales. 396 



Trees or shrubs; leaves simple; flowers small, monoecious or dioecious, in 

 catkins; perianth absent; ovary 1 -celled; style short; stigmas 2; endosperm 

 jjong Myricales. 397 



Woody plants with simple leaves; flowers, staminate spicate, pistillate soli- 

 tary Balanopsidales. 399 



Shrubs or trees; flowers small, dioecious, in catkins; leaves simple, alter- 

 nate, petioled, perianth absent in staminate flowers; pistillate, subtended by 

 bractlets; ovary 1-celled; endosperm thin. Leitneriales. 400 



Trees with alternate, pinnately-compound leaves ; flowers monoecious, with 

 bractlets, staminate in catkins, pistillate, solitary or several; ovule solitary, 

 erect; fruit a drupe, indehiscent or dehiscent, with woody husk, seed large 

 2-4 lobed; endosperm none. Juglandales. 400 



Trees or shrubs ; flowers smaW ; calyx usually present ; monoecious, or 

 rarely dioecious, in catkins; pistillate flowers subtended by an involucre which 

 becomes a bur or cup in fruit. Fagales. 402 



Shrubs, herbs or trees; calyx present but corolla absent; flowers small, not 

 borne in catkins, monoecious, dioecious or polygamous; ovary 1-celled superior. 



Urticales. 404 



Shrubs, trees or herbs with scattered leaves ; flowers in spikes, racemes 

 or panicles usually perfect; single carpel. Proteales. 415 



Herbs or shrubs ; generally parasitic ; calyx present ; corolla absent ; flowers 

 perfect, or imperfect; a single inferior ovary; fruit various. Santalales. 415 



Generally vines or herbs ; leaves cordate, or renif orm ; corolla absent ; calyx 

 inferior; tube wholly, or partly adnate to ovary; flowers perfect. 



Aristolochiales. 416 

 Generallj' herbs, occasionally trees, shrubs or twining vines ; leaves simple, 

 mostly entire; flowers small, regular, perfect, dioecious, monoecious or poly- 

 gamous; petals absent; stamens 2-9; filaments filiform or subulate; ovary 

 superior one-celled ; ovule solitary ; fruit an achene ; endosperm mealy. 



Polygonales. ■ 417 



Generally herbs, occasionally shrubs; flowers perfect; corolla usually ab- 

 sent, when present polypetalous ; calyx present ; ovary superior ; embryo coiled 

 curved or annular; albumen present. Centrospermae. 423 



Herbs, shrubs or trees; calyx usually of separate sepals; corolla generally 

 present, polypetalous; ovary superior; carpels many usually separate; stamens 

 generally free and more numerous than sepals. Ranales. 444 



