180 MANUAL OF POISONOUS PLANTS 



Bacterium tuberculosis, (Koch) 



Disease produced. Tuberculosis, consumption. 



Animals infected. Probably no animal is immune to all of the varieties 

 of this organism. 



Pathogenesis. The disease generally runs a chronic __ 

 course, affecting practically all of the organs in the body. 

 In man, characteristic lesions are to be found in the lungs, 

 in cattle generally on the peritoneum. The disease is char- 

 acterized by the formation of numbers of nodules in the tis- 

 sues, varying in size from a pin-point to that of an egg. At 

 first, these are hard, and firm throughout, but as they grow 

 larger, generally casease. Microscopically, these tubercules ff^iZ^^ZTcuhl 

 are characterized by the presence in the center of the so- After Mohler and 

 called giant cells with numerous nuclei surrounded by con- ^^ "''"■ 

 centric rings of epithelioid and lymphoid cells. 



Poisonous properties. Not definitely or thoroughly understood, but prob- 

 ably an endotoxin. The killed bodies of the bacteria or the product of their- 

 growth in media when injected into animals affected by tuberculosis, cause a 

 characteristic temperature reaction. The material thus injected into animals 

 for diagnostic purposes, is called tuberculin, and is in general used in veterinary 

 practice. 



Immunity. Agglutinins are produced in infected animals. Recovery from 

 the disease occurs in many cases doubtless from the walling in of the bacteria. 

 Artificial immunity may be experimentally produced by increasing the opsonic, 

 content of the blood, but as yet no accepted method of immunization has been 

 developed. 



Bacterium mallei, (Loffler) Migula 



Disease produced. Glanders, and farcy glanders. 



Animals infected. Usually the horse and ass. 



Animals susceptible. Man, goat, cat, hog, field mouse, wood mouse, rabbit, 

 guinea pig, hedge hog. 



Animals immune. Cow, house mouse, white mouse, and rat. 



Pathogenesis. The lesions usually appear in the horse and ass in the form 

 of discrete, sharply marked ulcers upon the mucous membrance of the nose. 

 The ulcers once formed generally remain open and continue to discharge pus. 

 The lymphatic glands are infected, and generally the submaxillary glands en- 

 large and ulcerate. Infection of the lungs often occurs through inhalation. 

 Another type of the disease is characterized by infection of the sub-cutaneous 

 lymph channels, which become enlarged and ulcerate, breaking through the skin 

 at various points. 



Poisonous properties. This organism produces some poisonous principle 

 similar in a sense to that found in tuberculin and under the name of raallein 

 is used in the diagnosis. 



Immunity. Successful immunization of animals against glanders has not 

 been accomplished. 



Bacterium leprae, (Hansen) Lehmann Neumann 



Disease produced. Leprosy. 

 Animals infected. Man. 



