EUTHALLEPHYTA—EUMYCETES— RUSTS 227 



appears that the uredo spores are not common the following spring. The 

 investigations of the authors quoted here indicate that not in a single case was 

 it possible to produce uredospores in the spring from those of the autumn. 



H. L. BoUey, of Fargo, N. D., remarks in regard to several cluster 

 cup fungi which occur on members of the Borage family: 



Stveral aecidia of unknown life history have been studied with reference to their 

 relations to the red rust of Puccinia rubigo-vera, many infection tests being made upon 

 young wheat and oat plants, all with negative results. 



In this region Onosomodium Carotinianum bears very profusely an aecidium, which, 

 because of its date of appearance, was worthy of suspicion; but tests enough were made 

 to remove this notion. 



P. rubigo-vera as well as the common grass rust, is very destructive in 

 England and Australia ; but according to Wolf, is not so common in Germany. 

 A few years ago Professor Arthur investigated the subject of wheat rust in 

 Indiana and found that this species was much more destructive to wheat in that 

 state than common grass rust. The same year, 1889, the writer found that this 

 rust was much more common on wheat in Iowa. Carleton says he is confident 

 that the orange-leaf rust (P. rubigo-vera) does very little if any damage to the 

 grain in this country; that in all cases of serious damage to the grain by rust 

 the black-stem rust (P. graminis) is the real cause. In 1907, the leaf rust was 

 very destructive to spring wheat in Iowa. 



Pi'ccinia glumarum, Schmidt 



Aecidium unknown; the uredosori occur along the veins. The diseased 

 leaf is frequently of irregular contour, color orange yellow, spores spherical, 

 or short, elliptical, spiny. Teleutosori, grayish, covered by the epidermis on 

 the stalks and leaves, less frequently on the flowers. Sori divided into chambers, 



Fig. 63. Covered Rust of Wheat (Puccinia 

 rubigo-vera) from wild Barley, perhaps the same as 

 P. glumarum. 



