EMBRYOPHYTA— BRYOPHYTA 



c 



309 





Fig. 116. A. Lichen — Iceland Moss {Ceiraris islandica). p. Paraphyses. a. Asci. 

 b. Ascospores. s.^ Subhymenial layer, g. Gonidia or alga. h. Plyphae. r. "Cortical" portion. 

 B. Lichen. iSynalissa symphorea) sending its hyphae into an alga Gloeocapsa. C. Archegon- 

 ium of fern {Poiypodium vulgare) with egg cell. b. Antheridium with sperm cells, c. Single- 

 coiled sperm cell. D. Liverwort {Marchantia polymorpha). a. Large gemmule or bud. 

 b. Same section of thalloid structure bearing scales, j. G. Antheridium with sperm cells 

 shown at b. H. Foliaceous lichen Physcia pulverulenta. I. Section of male plant of 

 moss. Phascum cuspidatum. a. Antheridium. b. Archegonium. /, leaves, p. Paraphyses., 

 K, ShieJd Fern (Aspidium Felix-Mas), pinnule bearing sori. o. Indusium, undernearth the 

 sporangia. L. Sporangium of the same with ring and stalk with the spores at a. M, 

 Sporangium of the Royal Fern {Osmunda regalis). No ring or mere traces. N. Filmy 

 fern (Trichomanes alatum). 0. Schizaea pusilla. a. Fertile pinnule with sporangia, b.- 

 Siogle sporangrium with rirg at small end. 



