URINE EXAMINATION. 69 



up in the urine a distinct white band appears, very 

 faint normally but distinct with slight excess of uric 

 acid. If urea be present in larger amount than 25 

 grammes per litre, it crystallizes out, on side of urine 

 glass. , 



3. Apply the picric acid test, with Esbach's albumi- 

 nometer. This is decidedly the best, day to day, clinical 

 quantitative test. 



(c) Apply the tests for sugar. 



In the presence of albumin the urine should first be 

 boiled and then filtered. 



1. Use Fehling's test, the cupric sulphate and alka- 

 line solutions being kept in separate bottles, equal parts 

 being mixed for use. 10 cc. of this solution are reduced 

 by .05 gm. sugar. 



To apply this test quantitatively place 10 cc. of Feh- 

 ling's solution, diluted with 40 cc. of water, in a porce- 

 lain capsule and bring to a boil. Add from a burette, 

 drop by drop, the urine diluted 10 times, till all blue 

 color is completely discharged, keeping the sMution at 

 the boiling point. Amount of diluted urine required, 

 will contain .05 gm. of sugar. 



2. If in doubt as to the accuracy of the preceding 

 test, place urine to which a small amount of yeast 

 (Fleischmann's) has been added, in a fermentation 

 tube and keep at 37°C (98.6°F) for 24 hours, for gas 

 formation. 



3. Phenyl-hydrazin test. 10 cc. of the urine are 

 boiled in a water bath for 30 minutes with 3 or 4 

 grammes of acetate of soda, and .3 to .5 gramme of 



