EEPEODUCTION BY STEMS AND LEAVES 87 



Layering is a modification of reproduction by cuttings, and 

 consists in bending down a living branch and covering it for 

 part of its length vi^ith earth, so as to form a sort of artificial 

 stolon. Some trees and shrubs, such as the apple, pear, plum, 

 and quince, are much easier to grow by layering than by mak- 

 ing cuttings, and they root more readily if the shoot is deeply 

 notched or has a ring of bark removed (in the buried portion. 



ABC 



Fig. 70. Propagation by budding 



A, a bud cut from a tree of the desired variety, witli a piece of the underlying 



bark ; B, the bud inserted in a T-shaped slit in the bark of the stock ; C, the 



same, with the bark bound in place by strips of raffia (a fibrous material obtained 



from the leaves of the raffia palm) . Modified after Percival 



79. Budding and grafting. The process of budding consists 

 of detaching an uninjured bud from the stem of one plant 

 and inserting it under the bark of the stem of another plant 

 (Fig. 70). Peaches and cherries are familiar examples of trees 

 commonly propagated by budding. The operation should be 

 performed at a season when the cambium layer is active, so 

 that the transplanted bud will at once unite with the wood 

 of the stem into which it is set. In the case of peaches the 

 young seedling trees grown from seeds planted the same 

 spring are budded in June or September. Those budded late 

 do not grow much until the next season, but then make rapid 



