THE LARCH CANKER 57 
mined by observing the last annual ring of the trunk which 
is continuous with the wood of the branch. 
In 30 cankers taken at random, in which this point could 
be precisely determined, it was found that in 5 cases the 
canker was initiated the same winter as the branch died, 
in 12 cases it began the year after the branch died, in 7 cases 
two years after, in 1 case three years after, in 3 cases four 
years after, and in 2 cases six years after. 
In the following table the observations are set out at 
length : 
Age of section 
of tree in Number of years of 
which canker Agewhen <Agewhen initiation of canker 
Specimen. occurred. branch died. canker began. after death of branch. 
12 20 1 
21 19 
31 17 
| oul 
o 
WWNNNHAMIPAWWWNHANNUNWWERPWWRHWN AAD 
He O71 69 BD BD 00 ORO WO TOT 000 WAT OOP NAT HTN W171 
WNKECONKOCCORNON HE Nee ee GR PHD ee 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
ll 
12 
13 
14 
15 
16 
7 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
IAARTSOMNMOOOHO 
This shows that in the large majority of cases the canker 
begins at least a year after the death of the branch. In 
1 These specimens were kindly sent me by Mr. Alex. Luttrell from 
Dunster Castle, Somerset. 
