190 GENERAL SUMMARY 
in Chapter VIII, and may be briefly summarized here. First, 
the forester should do all in his power to destroy old stumps. 
This may be achieved to some extent by cutting off the 
fructifications of fungi, other than parasitic species such as 
Armillaria or Fomes annosus, which he finds growing on 
stumps, and placing them, right way up, on stumps that are 
not yet rotted. It is found that astump which is thoroughly 
penetrated by another fungus is not generally attacked by 
Armillaria, as many of the wood-rotting fungi are toxic to 
each other. This may be done at any time of the year when 
fructifications can be found. The next precaution is to 
make a careful search for the fructifications of the honey 
fungus during the autumn—from the end of September 
onwards. Spots where they are found should be marked 
for action during slack seasons; and, in particular, dead 
stumps, from which fructifications are growing, should be 
carefully noted. Action should be directed first against these 
stumps. If they are well rotted by the fungus it is often 
not difficult to break them up, when they may be removed 
in pieces and burned. Where it is found that the removal 
of a stump involves too much labour, a trench | ft. deep 
should be dug round it, so that the spread of rhizomorphs 
from it may be prevented and rhizomorphs outside the 
trench will be cut off from their chief source of food supply. 
Constant attention, however, is necessary to see that the 
trench is kept open as long as the fungus is growing on the 
stump. When a large number of stumps in close proximity 
are found to be attacked it may save time to dig a trench 
round the lot. When a living conifer or other tree is found 
to be attacked it should be either removed or surrounded 
by a trench. But it is often found that the affected tree is 
near a stump which is rotted by the fungus, and in this 
case the trench should surround the stump as well. 
The fungus requires a certain intensity of light if it is 
to form fructifications. Consequently, in dark woods 
fructifications are seldom formed, even where the fungus 
is present, and in such woods infected regions may be over- 
looked during the autumnal survey. On this account 
