PHYLLODOCIDJE. 45 



segments behind the enlarged head, to that in which there are about fifteen rings behind 

 the prostomium, and the anal cirri are present. 



Claparede and Mecznikow l (1869) give an account of the development of Phyllodoce 

 at Naples and Odessa, but it is not known if the same species is referred to. The 

 youngest stage is like that of Nephthys — monotrochous, the anterior portion of the larva 

 being larger than the posterior, and a characteristic curved tuft (Naples) or tufts (Odessa) 

 of cilia occur on the ventral surface anteriorly as Busch noticed. Segmentation begins 

 behind the mouth, a pharynx appears in front, bristles form in the feet, tentacles, and 

 tentacular and dorsal cirri develop, the alimentary canal becomes deep green, and there 

 are short anal cirri — this stage being only a little younger than that procured at St. 

 Andrews on June 15th, 1898, and figured (Plate L, fig. 6). 



Claparede (1868) notes that the eggs in the Phyllodocidse penetrate into the extruded 

 proboscis. 



The young Phyllodoce maculata, according to Hacker (1896), is on the second day a 

 protrochophore, on the fifth day a typical monotrochous trochophore (Mcintosh), tenth 

 day an early metatrochophore, and at four weeks with specific characters (Agassiz). 



He further describes a teiotroch trochophore of a Phyllodoce from Naples in spring, 

 in which what he calls the umbrella (viz. the prostomium) is about half the length of the 

 body. It bears a large tuft of cilia on the ventral surface, a larger and a smaller pigment- 

 speck (eye) on each side in front of prototroch, and a broad belt (paratroch) posteriorly. 

 The gut (mittelclarmes) is greenish and shows a pair of sac-like appendages. 



Another form is in a more advanced condition (metatrochophore), with eight tentacular 

 cirri (rudimentary), and indications of a number of segments posteriorly. The prototroch 

 has a brown band of pigment before and behind it. A larger and a smaller eye occur in 

 each side of the prostomium, the gut is greenish, and the tail is disc-like. 



He mentions and figures a " Scheitelorgan " of the larva of Phyllodoce, like a ciliated 

 pigmented cell in a pit. 



He homologises the anterior pair of antennae with the Scheitelantennen of the larva, 

 whilst the unpaired sense-organ on the ventral side of the umbrella (prostomium) he 

 thinks the Scheitelorgan. 



The same author 2 describes a Nectochsete stage of Phyllodoce with four tentacular 

 cirri, but without eyes or tentacles, and therefore younger than that in Fig. 6, Plate L. 



G-ravier (1900) observed that the Phyllodocidae fed on Terebellidge, Spionidse, Hermel- 

 lidas, Sabellidse, Syllicla3, and even their own species (Eidalia viridis), and De St. Joseph 

 found another Eidalia in the intestine of Eidalia pallida. 



De St. Joseph mentions the occurrence of a female Copepod on Eidalia pallida ; 

 Herpyllobius arcticus, Steenstrup and Lutken, on Pterocirrus macroceros, Grube ; and one 

 of the Orthonecticlas, viz. llhopalocera pterocirri in the same species. Gravier met with 

 colonies of Vorticella on Phyllodoce mucosa. Gregarines of various kinds are common in 

 the intestine — fixed to the epithelial lining, as in the Nemerteans. 



The Phyllodocidae arejto a large extent littoral, frequenting the tidal region, under 

 stones, in moist sand near low water, on mussel-beds, in fissures of rocks, as well as in the 



1 c Zeitsch. f. av. Zool./ Bd. xix, sep. abdr. p. 27, Taf. xv, fig. 2. 



2 ' Plankton Expecl. pelag. Polychast./ p. 11, Taf. i, f. 5 and 5a, 1898. 



