Ferns and Fern Culture. 73 
Water must be given in sufficient quantity, and often 
enough to keep them damp. They may not require a 
supply every day, but they should be examined every 
day. Ferns in small pots will require watering more 
frequently than those in large ones; more attention is 
also necessary when they are in warm than in cold rooms, 
and in summer than in winter. 
Tepid water must always be given. They must not be 
allowed to stand in saucers of water, for this causes the 
soil to go bad, and the roots to rot. The water should he 
given at the top, and that which drains into the saucer 
must be emptied away. 
When plants become dusty they should be cleaned by 
means of a soft sponge and warm water, or a soft brush. 
It is not wise to put tender Ferns outside when it rains. 
When suitable varieties are procured, and attention 
bestowed upon them, there are no other plants so grace- 
ful and beautiful for house decoration, and none which 
brighten up and add so much to the cheerfulness of a 
room. 
WARDIAN CASES AND FERN STANDS. 
A large number of Ferns may be cultivated in a dwell- 
ing-house when they are planted in Wardian cases. The 
glass keeps off the dust, and prevents the access of impure 
air; it also keeps the atmosphere quiet and damp. This 
is w great advantage, enabling many Ferns to grow 
beautifully which could not possibly live if not so pro- 
tected. 
Fern stands usually consist of an earthenware bottom, 
with a glass shade fitting inside the rim. These are suit- 
able for a small number of plants, but the Wardian cases 
may be made to hold any number. 
The larger cases are often made witha door at each end, 
but a better plan is for one side to open, as this allows 
freer access to every part. Every stand and case must 
have provision for drainage and for the escape of all 
surplus water. The terra-cotta stands usually havea hole 
at the sides, which may be closed by a cork when the 
surplus water has escaped. The wooden cases should 
be lined with zinc, and have a small tap by which to draw 
