TWELFTH CENTURY 43 
Revenue was usually paid,” but more of the same kind are 
given in chapter XIII., ‘ Fines of Divers Sorts.” 
Thus (page 318) the Earl of Warenne is fined one 
Palfrey and one Sore * (i.e, young) Hawk. 
P. 324. Nicholas the Dane was to give the King a 
Hawk every time he came into England. 
P. 325. Geoffrey Fitz-Pierre was fined in two good 
Norway Hawks. that Walter le Madine might have leave to 
export a hundredweight of cheese. 
P. 350. The Bishop of Norwich was fired in two palfreys 
for a Crane (pro quadam grue)—the meaning here is not 
very evident, unless it indicates, as suggested by Mr. Harting 
(in litt.) that he had killed a Crane on Crown land without 
license. 
P. 352. William de Cyrinton was fined in one good 
“ hautein falcon,” literally one of proud bearing, but meaning 
here in high condition. 
And so on, these old payments are certainly very curious, 
as throwing light on the manners of the times. Moreover, 
Mr. Harting has pointed out that not only were all these 
“fines? or taxes paid in kind, as Madox here describes, but 
that prisoners were sometimes ransomed by a payment of 
Hawks.f 
Under the heading of “ Nota rem inauditam,” the 
following strange relation of what appears to be a true incident 
§ : } 
is to be found in the Chronicle of Roger of Wendover :— 
“In the same year [1191] a young man of the bishop of 
London’s household taught a hawk [niswm] especially to hunt 
teals ; and once at the sound of the instrument called a tabor 
* “Sore”? is an adjective, meaning red or reddish, coming, like a good 
many other hawking terms, from the old Norman language, and was generally 
applied to a Sparrow-Hawk of the first vear. Originally spelled Sor, the 
word now stands in modern French, slightly altered, as Saure, with exactly 
the same meaning. Prof, Newton in his Dictionary finds the word akin to 
Sorrel, as applied to a horse of a reddish-brown colour. 
The term continued in use for some centuries, of which we find an instance 
in the famous Paston correspondence. In September 1472 John Paston writes 
from Norwich to his elder brother: ‘‘I pray God send you all your desyrs, 
and me my mwyd /mewed, ¢.e. moulted] gosshawk in hast, or rather than 
fayle, a sowyr hawke.”’ 
A “Sore Sparrow-Hawk”’ is well figured under that name in Rowley’s 
“Ornithological Miscellany ”’ (Vol. I., p. 51). 
j It was on these terms that a Welsh bishop captured by King John 
was allowed his liberty in 1212 (‘f Essays on Sport,” p. 73). 
