SIXTEENTH CENTURY 141 
To these faleoners Peregrine was an appellation which really 
meant a hawk of foreign origin, in which sense the name Helog 
Dramor is applied to this species in the Welsh language. The 
truth is, the name Peregrine is a comparatively modern word, 
which was very little known to the falconers of the sixteenth 
century, although that great authority Turbervile does in one 
place in his * Booke of Faulconrie”’* write about ‘ the Haggart 
Falcon, and why she is called the Peregrine or Haggart ”’+ 
Other Means employed for Fowling at Hunstanton.—One 
thing which is somewhat inexplicable about these careful books 
is the constantly repeated formula, set down for some unknown 
reason, as to how the various birds were obtained, whether 
by crossbow, hawk or gun. Throughout the earlier part of 
the Accounts the crossbow was the weapon most commonly 
employed. The type of crossbow for fowling, of which a good 
example may be seen in Norwich Museum, was fitted with a 
wooden stock, and discharged metal bolts, being not much 
heavier than a modern gun. With such effect did the energetic 
fowlers handle their crossbows that the buttery was supplied 
with three Great Bustards, two Cranes, a wild Swan, a Bittern, 
a wild Goose and numerous wild Ducks. On one occasion a 
Bustard, eight Mallards and a Heron, all marked as killed 
with the crossbow, are brought in to the larder. 
Water-dogs, here alluded to as “the spannyell,”’ were 
trained to assist in taking wild-fowl. There is one entry of 
four Mallards, and another of six Mallards, and five Coots 
* P, 33. 
t A good deal of curious information about hawking in Norfolk and 
Suffolk, at about this period and also later, has been collected by Mr. J. E. 
Harting for the Norwich Naturalists’ Society. See his articles entitled 
“ Notes on Hawking as formerly practised in Norfolk ”’ (‘ Trans. N. and N.N.,’’ 
Vol. III., pp. 79-94) and ‘‘ Further Notes on Hawking in Norfolk ’’ (Vol. VI., 
pp. 248-254). Among the passages quoted by Mr. Harting in the latter 
paper, not the least singular is a communication accompanying the dispatch 
ot a hawk, from one Jasper Meller to Sir Bassingbourn Gawdy of West 
Harling in 1598. Two davs ago, the writer states, he caught with some 
labour this 'Tasslegentle ['Tiercel], and afterwards found on him the Queen's 
varvaile [a ring bearing Elizabeth’s mark] and one Mr. Throgmorton’s name 
on the mayle [a small plate]. He desires Sir B. Gawdy to take the legal 
course, which was to inform the Sheriff of Norfolk. There are some other 
letters equally interesting, such as refer to the mewing of a “ heroner,” 
2.€., a faleon trained to herons; to an old hawk “taken with the cramp and 
the quack’’; to a “ Jake-marlen [Merlin]”’; to a lusty falcon, that is 
‘ever raking out at crows’’; and to “ green geese’”’ and ducks required 
for hawkos meat. 
