i8o Life and Love, 



male organism acts as a powerful tonic to all the 

 tissues. The muscular power is greater, the courage 

 higher, the individuality more pronounced, because 

 of the influence of this life-giving material. 



In order to reduce the restless, determined, and 

 often fierce male animal to a tractable condition, 

 and make him available in performing various 

 labors, man has deprived certain of the lower ani- 

 mals, notably the horse, and bull, of their repro- 

 ductive power by removing the sperm-sacs. This 

 castration, as the operation is called, is often per- 

 formed in the infancy of the creature, when, of 

 course, no reproductive material ever matures, and 

 when, as a result, the animal itself never matures. 

 The calf so treated never acquires the attributes 

 of his sex. He can never become the sturdy, 

 stout-horned, powerful-necked, deep-voiced, fierce- 

 tempered bull. Instead, he undergoes a general 

 deterioration from the male-type form ; his horns 

 refuse to become the sturdy defensive weapons they 

 otherwise would have been, and instead grow long, 

 slender, curving, like those of the cow. His neck 

 will not become so strong and broad, his eye 

 will never glare so fiercely, his voice will develop 

 into a low like that of the cow. His muscles will 

 not become so strong, firm, and elastic. He will 

 attain great size and tend to grow fat. In short, 

 he will become the dull, placid, slow-moving ox, 

 not so strong by one third as he would have been, 

 had he been allowed to develop naturally as a 



