3hap, II. Manner of Development. 27 



Ho adds, that the power of performing the appropriate move- 

 unents must have been modified in accordance with the several 

 deviations. Mr. J. Wood has recorded'' the occurrence of 295 

 muscular variations in thirty-six subjects, and in another set of 

 the same number no less than 558 variations, those occurring on 

 both sides of the body being only reckoned as one. In the last 

 set, not one body out of the thirty-six was " found totally 

 " wanting in departures from the standard descriptions of the 

 " muscular system given in anatomical text boolis." A single 

 body presented the extraordinary number of twenty-flve distinct 

 abnormalities. The same muscle sometimes varies in many 

 ways: thus Prof. Macalister describes" no less than twenty 

 distinct variations in the palmaris accessorius. 



The famous old anatomist, Wolff,' insists that the internal 

 viscera are more variable than the external parts : Nulla parti- 

 cula est quse non aliter et aliUr in aliis se habeat hominihus. He 

 has even written a treatise on the choice of typical examples of 

 the viscera for representation. A discussion on the beau-ideal 

 of the liver, lungs, kidneys, &c., as of the human face divine, 

 sounds strange in our ears. 



The variability or diversity of the mental faculties in men of 

 the same race, not to mention the greater differences between 

 the men of distinct races, is so notorious that not a word need 

 here be said. So it is with the lower animals. All who have 

 had charge of menageries admit this fact, and we see it plainly 

 in otir dogs and other domestic animals. Brehm especially 

 insists that each individual monkey of those which he kept tame 

 in Africa had its own peculiar disposition and temper : he men- 

 tions one baboon remai'kable for its high intelUgence ; and the 

 keepers in the Zoological Gardens pointed out to me a monkey, 

 belonging to the New World division,- equally remarkable for 

 intelligence. Eengger, also, insists on the diversity in the 

 various mental characters of the monkeys of the same species 

 which he kept in Paraguay ; and this diversity, as he adds, is 

 partly innate, and partly the result of the manner in which they 

 have been treated or educated.* 



I have elsewhere' so fully discussed the subject of Inheritance, 

 that I need here add hardly anything. A greater number of 



= 'Pi 00. Royal Soc' 1867, p. ' Brehm, 'Thierleben,' B. i. 5. 



544- ; also 1 868, pp. 48B, fiii. Tliere .58, 87. Kengger, ' Saugethiero vc^n 



is a previous paper, 1860, p. 229. Paraguay,* s. 57. 



" ' Proc. R. Irish Academy,' vol. ' ' Variation of Animals and 



[. 1868, p. 141. Plants under Domestication,' vo' 



' ' Act. Ac ad. St, Petersbiirg,' .i. chap. lii. 

 1778, part ii, ji, 111 



