Ontp. VII. The Races of Man. 1 79 



with the diEferent expressions and cries made by distinct species 

 of monkeys. There is good evidence that the art of shooting 

 with bows and arrows has not been handed down from any 

 common progenitor of mankind, yet as Westropp and Nilsson 

 have remarked/" the stone arrow-heads, brought from the most 

 distant parts of the woi-ld, and manufactured at the most remote 

 periods, are almost identical ; and this fact can only be accounted 

 for by the various races having similar inventive or mental 

 powers. The same observation has been made by archaeologists ^^ 

 with respect to certain widely-prevalent ornaments, such as zig- 

 zags, &c. ; and with respect to various simple beliefs and cus- 

 toms, such as the burying of the dead under megaUthic struc- 

 tures. I remombor observing in South America,"' that there, as 

 in so many other parts of the world, men have generally chosen 

 the summits of lofty hills, to throw up piles of stones, either as 

 a record of some remarkable event, or for burying their dead. 



Now when naturalists observe a close agreement in numerous 

 small details of habits, tastes, and dispositions between two or 

 more domestic races, or between nearly-alhed natural forms, 

 they use this fact as an argument that they are descended from a 

 common progenitor who was thus endowed ; and consequently 

 that all should be classed under the same species. The same 

 argument may be applied with much force to the races of man. 



As it is improbable that the numerous- and unimportant points 

 of resemblance between the several races of man in bodily struc- 

 ture aud mental faculties (I do not here refer to similar customs) 

 should all have been independently acquired, they must have been 

 inherited from progenitors who had these same characters. We 

 thus gain some insight into the early state of man, before he had 

 spread step by step over the face of the earth. The spreading 

 of man to regions widely separated by the sea, no doubt, pre- 

 ceded any great amount of divergence of character in the several 

 races ; for otherwise we should sometimes meet with the same 

 race in distinct continents ; and this is never the case. Sir J. 

 Lubbock, after comparing the arts now practised by savages in 

 all parts of the world, specifies those which man could not have 

 known, when he first wandered from his original birth-place; 

 for if once learnt they would never have been forgotten."''' He 



*' 'On Analogous Fovms of Im- 'Journal of Ethnological Soc' w 



plements,' in 'Memoirs of Anthropo- given in 'Scientitic Opinion,' June 



log. Soc.,' by H. M. Westropp. ' The 2nd, 1869, p. 3. 



Primitive inhabitants of Scandi- 2' ' Journal of Researches : Voyage 



oavia,' Eng. translat. edited by Sir of the " Beagle," ' p. 46. 



I. L'ibbock, 1868, p. 104. " 'Prehistoric Times,' 1869, p 



" We.stropp, 'OnCrimlechs.'&c, 574. 



