DETAILS OF THE METHOD 133 



fairly clear boles. .The rotation for the standards may be 

 any multiple of the coppice rotation. Rarely would it be 

 advisable to extend such a rotation longer than four or five 

 times the length of the coppice rotation. 



In selecting trees to be left as standards, the question arises 

 as to how many should be left per acre. This is contingent 

 not only upon the silvical habits of the species, particularly 

 their light requirements and spread of crown, but primarily 

 upon the relative extent to which the standards as contrasted 

 to the coppice are to be favored. 



There may be distinguished three forms of coppice with 

 standards ^ depending on the relation between the standards 

 and coppice. 



(a) Compound coppice approaching simple coppice, where 

 the overwood of standards is distributed by single trees of 

 only a few age classes and occupies a small part of the area. 

 Firewood is the chief product. 



(b) Normal compound coppice, in which the sprouts and 

 the standards are of equal importance and both cordwood 

 and timber are produced in quantity. 



(c) Compound coppice approaching high forest, in which 

 the standards occupy a large part of the area, usually in 

 groups, and the coppice possesses the importance only of a 

 soil protecting cover. Timber is the principal product.. 



These three forms indicate the possible field of variation in 

 mixture of sprouts and standards, which is available between 

 a stand composed of coppice sprouts or a high forest. 



Area covered by the spread of the crowns is the basis for 

 judging the part of the stand occupied by the standards. 

 The percentage of the total area allotted to the standards 

 should be decided upon before any cuttings are made. 



After determining the portion of the total area to be de- 

 voted to standards, it should be apportioned equally among 



