302 APPENDIX 



Bunch planting. See Forest planting. 



Burn, n. An area over which fire has run to the noticeable injury of the 



forest. 

 Caliper, n. An instrument for measuring diameter of trees or logs. It 

 consists usually of a graduated beam, at right angles to which are 

 attached one fixed and one sliding arm. See also Biltmore stick and 

 Tree compass. 



G., Kluppe. F., compas forestier. 

 Caliper, v. To measure diameters. 



G., Kluppieren. F., mesurer le contour. 

 Canopy. See Crown cover. 



Capital. This factor of production in the forestry business is variously 

 figured according to what parts of the investment are referred to and 

 what basis of valuation is applied. 



Fixed capital refers to such kinds of capital as are not used up in 

 production, like the soil. 



Working or Operating capital refers to money capital needed to supply 

 current expenses in operating a forest. 

 Soil capital refers to the value of the soil figured in various ways. 

 Stock capital refers to the value represented by the wood material of 

 all stands comprising a forest or working unit. 

 Forest capital refers to soil capital and stock capital combined. 

 Base capital may be used following the precedent of Pressler in his 

 index percent for the combined soil and working capital. 



These capitals may be based upon various kinds of values, and to 

 secure a definite meaning, the term must be qualified by the method, 

 by which its value was determined. See Value. 

 Chance. A term in common local use, more or less synonsonous with 

 Logging unit, which see. Not favored as a term in forest manage- 

 ment. 

 Circumference tape. See Diameter tape. 



Clean-boled. Being free or cleared of branches. Used to designate 

 timber with a satisfactory length of cle£ir bole. 

 G., Astrein. F., d6pourvu de branches. 

 Clean cutting. See Reproduction, methods of. 

 Cleaning. See Intermediate fellings. 



Clear and Clearing. 1. Clearing in common parlance, an area from 

 which all or nearly all forest growth has been removed. 



