6 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 
differences in their transformations, and peculiarities in their 
habits. The most obvious distinctions are found in the 
structure of the organs composing the mouth, and in the 
wings, when these exist. Their names are derived from the 
character of their wings. The orders are as follows: 
I. Hymenoptera, (membrane-winged). This order includes 
the bees, wasps, ichneumon-flies, saw-flies (figures 7, 7a), etc. 
Fig. 7 a. 
They have four small but strong membranous wings, the front 
pair largest. The body is compact, the head large, and the 
three regions of the body very distinct. The head (figure 8) 
usually has three simple eyes Fig. 8. 
in front, forming a triangle ; a 
pair of slender antenne or 
feelers, and a pair of very large 
compound eyes; connected 
with the mouth we find a pair 
of powerful, often toothed, 
mandibles or jaws; a pair of 
orceps-like mazxille, bearing 
near the base a jointed palpus 
or small feeler ; and finally the 
labium or lower-lip, which bears 
a pair of palpi or feelers, and 
the ligula or tongue, which is 
long and highly developed and 
covered with hairs in the bees. 
They have, therefore, all the 
parts of the mouth symmetri- 
Ficure 7.—The Pear-slug or Saw-fly (Selandria cerasi Peck), enlarged. Color 
black, with white spots on four anterior legs and feet. 
Figure 7a.—Larve of the same on leaf of pear, natural size ; and a, enlarged. 
It is covered with sticky slime. Both from Packard’s Guide. 
Figure 8.—Head of wild, Bae. Anthephora \ygauch enlarged ; a, compound 
