24 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. — 
mony of those who are most immediately interested — the 
breeders of sheep — that their effects are evil, and evil only, 
and that the amount of injury is in direct proportion to their 
numbers, as is the case with all other parasites. That, when 
as abundant as they often are, they are capable of causing 
death, seems to be well established. As a preventive, it 
has been recommended to move the sheep to distant pastures 
after most of the grubs or larve have left the sheep and are 
in the earth in the pupe state, which happens during June or 
July, according to locality. In this State probably the latter 
half of June would be the best time for this. Others smear the 
noses of the sheep with tar, or make them do so themselves 
by boring large augur holes in logs to contain salt, and fre- 
quently smearing the adjacent wood with tar. Many provide 
spots of light, dry soil into which the sheep may thrust their 
noses when pursued by the fly. When the larve have ac- 
tually entered the nostrils in large numbers, they may be 
removed to a considerable exient by a feather wet with oil of 
turpentine, camphor, or a weak solution of carbolic acid, or 
‘of creosote. Lime, in fine powder, is sometimes used; for 
by sniffing it, they sneeze, and thus expel the larve. Salt 
water or diluted carbolic acid solution may also be injected 
into the nose with a syringe. It is doubtful, however, 
whether any remedies will reach the larve which have taken 
up their abode in the more remote cavities in the bones of the 
forehead and beneath the bases of the horns. Therefore it is 
better to apply these remedies early and often, if necessary. 
Another species of bot-fly (Hypoderma lineata Brauer), 
lays its eggs upon the backs of sheep and cattle, and the 
larve live in tumors beneath the skin, like the more com- 
mon Hypoderma bovis of cattle. It appears to be rare in this 
country, but has been observed in Kentucky. This fly may 
be known by three, longitudinal, naked, black stripes on the 
thorax. The abdomen is very hairy, blackish, with three 
bands, the base whitish or yellowish, the middle - black, the 
apex orangered. The wings are transparent, somewhat 
brownish, unspotted. In New Grenada another species, the 
Dermatobia noxialis Goud., has the same habits, and also at- 
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