PARASITES. OF ANIMALS. 25 
tacks men in the same way, forming painful tumors beneath 
the skin. The same or a similar species also infests the dogs 
in the tropical parts of America. 
Several peculiar species of Hypoderma live beneath the skin 
of the moose, elk, and other species of the deer family. These 
animals are also infested by several species of the genus 
Cephenomya, which live in the larval state in the throat, or at 
the root of the tongue. 
The goat is attacked by a species of Hypoderma, which 
makes tumors under the skin, and by a species of strus, 
that enters the frontal sinuses, and has the same habits as the 
common species of the sheep; but these two species have not 
been determined and are little known. The camel is infested 
by the larvee of Cephalomya maculata Wd., which lives in the 
nasal cavities, Jike the larvee of the sheep-bot. Even the ele- 
phant and rhinoceros have their peculiar parasites of this 
kind. The latter is attacked by a bot-fly, allied to that of the 
horse, which lives in the stomach in its larval state. 
Bot-fly of the Horse ( Gastrophilus equi). Figures 25, 25. 
The “bots” of horses are the larve of several’ species of 
flies, belonging to the genus called Gastrophilus. The largest 
and most common kind is G. equi, the female of which is 
represented in Figure 25. This species is very hairy, and has 
dark spots on the wings. The eyes are black and distant; the 
top of the head is brown, the front whitish ; the thorax is brown, 
with a darker brown or blackish central spot ; the abdomen is 
brown with the transverse divisions and spots blackish. The 
male has a rounder or broad-oval abdomen, which is browner. 
This fly lays its eggs by preference upon the hairs about the 
knees of horses, especially on the’ inside ; it also frequently at- 
taches them to the hairs of the side and back part of the shoul- 
der, and occasionally to the tips of the hairs of the mane. These 
eggs are of considerable size, of a long oval form, pointed at 
one end and blunt at the other, and adhere firmly by one 
side. They may easily be seen and can be removed either 
by thorough washing and brushing, or by cutting the hairs 
off with scissors. A wash of carbolic acid soap has been re- 
commended to destroy them. Sometimes 500 or more may 
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