42 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 
MALLOPHAGA (Bird-lice). 
These insects live both among the feathers of birds and hair 
of mammals. They are peculiar in having distinct jaws (Figure 
36), instead of a sucking tube. The body is flat, corneous, 
and firm above. The head is horizontal and generally broad. 
The antenne have three to five joints. The mandibles are 
small and hook-like. The maxillary palpi, when present, are 
four-jointed ; and the labial palpi two-jointed. The legs are 
short and stout, with one or two strong claws. There are sev- 
eral hundreds of species already described, nearly every bird 
having one or several peculiar species. They produce nearly 
the same effects as the true lice, and may be destroyed by the 
same remedies. 
Figure 35. 
Figure 36. 
The Turkey-louse (Goniodes stylifer Denny). 
This is a large species, conspicuously marked with transverse 
black bands. It is very common both on the domestic and 
wild turkey, together with three or more other species, one of 
which is much longer and nearly black. Some of the other 
species parasitic on the turkey are Liothewm stramineum 
Nitzsch, Philoplerus polytrapezius Nitzsch. 
The Hen-lice (Liotheum pallidum Nitzsch, Philopterus 
variabilis N., P. heterographus N., P. dissimilis N., and P. 
Figure 35.—Turkey-louse ( Goniodes stylifer Denny), much enlarged. 
Figure 36.—Head of same, seen from below, more magnified ; a, mouth organs ; 
b, antenna. Both from Cuvier. 
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