PARASITES OF ANIMALS. 63 
Dracunculus medinensis Cobbold. Sub-cutanecous tissues ; in 
tropical Asia, Africa, and America. 
ACARINA. 
Pentastoma tenioides Rudolphi. Nostrils; not rare. Larve 
in man and cattle. 
That thousands of lambs and sheep are annually killed by 
dogs that have a taste for mutton of their own procuring is 
unfortunately too well known to most of the farmers in-this 
country, especially in those States where neither stringent 
laws nor severe taxes have diminished the numbers of these 
useless curs. 
That the number of dogs in every part of the country is by 
far too great, and even dangerously so, is generally admitted, 
especially during the summer, when mad dogs and hydropho- 
bia are the constant theme of conversation in our cities. That 
the laws of every State ought to impose restrictions, or, at 
least, very high taxes upon the owners of dogs is evident and 
advocated by many legislators. Yet it is not, by any means, 
generally known to what an alarming extent our flocks are in- 
jured in health and depreciated in value by the parasites de- 
rived directly from dogs. Still less is it known to what an 
extent human lives and health are sacrificed on account of 
these animals. 
There are three principal and very important parasites of 
sheep derived ifrom tape-worms of dogs. These are: 1. The 
“water-brain” of sheep, which is produced by the young or 
larva of a small tape-worm (Tenia cenurus); 2. The ech- 
inococcus, or hydatid tumors of sheep, of cattle, and of man, 
found ,in various organs, but most commonly in the liver, 
brain, and kidneys, which are caused by the young of a very 
small dog tape-worm (Fonia echinococcus) ; 3. The diving 
bladder-worm, or ‘“ water-bladder,” often found in the abdo- 
men of sheep, cattle, and pigs, frequently forming tumors as 
large as a hen’s-egg, or even a goose-egg, which is the young 
of a larger tape-worm of the dog (Tenia marginata). There 
are, also, others of less importance obtained by sheep from 
dogs, as indicated in the lists. 
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