PARASITES OF ANIMALS. 79 
distinguishing the two species and, therefore, both are con- 
founded together as “ the common tape-worm.”’ 
In this country persons generally obtain this ieceashte by 
eating dried beef and Bologna sausages uncooked. In the lat- 
ter, there may be not only the young of this tape-worm, but 
also those of the pork tape-worm and richina, since there is 
also an admixture of pork. It is therefore evident that it is 
unsafe for the individual, and even a wrong to the community 
for persons to indulge in eating raw meats of any kind, for 
we find that pork, beef, and mutton may each contain the 
young of different tape-worms and other parasites, and per- 
sons who harbor these worms in their own bodies become, in 
one sense, a nuisance, since they thus serve as the propaga- 
tors and disseminators of parasites. And although one or 
two of these tape-worms may not cause any serious trouble in 
the bowels of one man, in another they may produce very 
grave consequences, and still more so, if, as often happens, 
several live together in one person. 
Symptoms. 
The symptoms and treatment are the same for both species 
of human tape-worms, but the species now under considera- 
tion is said tobe more easily destroyed than Z’. solium, per- 
haps because it does not have so secure an anchorage as the 
latter has, with its hooks well imbedded in the membranes. 
_ The symptoms vary greatly, according to the temperament 
and other peculiarities of the person affected. Sometimes it 
_ causes little or no marked disturbance of the health, though 
causing perhaps more or less weakness, lassitude, and sense of © 
weariness, often accompanied by restlessness, nervous irritabil- 
ity, and hondadhs, which are nearly always attributed to other 
causes. In more severe cases, these symptoms become much 
increased, the headache especially, which is often accompa- 
nied by giddiness. ‘“‘ The sight and hearing may be affected ; 
noises in the head, itchings at the nose and anus, obscure 
pains about the body and limbs, loss of appetite, and other 
dyspeptic symptoms, show themselves in greater or less de- 
gree in different cases. One of the most common symptoms, 
however, which I have noticed, is the tendency to faintness. 
This is sometimes so Retekedvals'¢eseveate much alarm, and a 
