108 BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 
little liable to get it if pastured on uplands, or other dry 
places, and supplied with pure spring water, by preference 
from a trough or other similar arrangement. On the other 
hand, sheep pastured on meadows, or swampy lands, or in 
places where they have access to the marshy banks of streams, 
ponds, and swamps, will be far more liable to get this and 
several other parasites. 
An exception should, however, be made in the case of salt 
marshes and meadows, for sheep pastured in such places sel- 
dom get the disease. This is probably owing to the fact that 
the fresh water snails, that harbor the young flukes, cannot 
live in salt or brackish water. 
Smaller Liver-fluke (Distoma lanceolatum Mehlis). 
This species is also found in the bile-duct and gall-bladder 
of sheep and cattle, and occasionally inman. It is sometimes 
associated with the common fluke. It is much smaller, the 
leneth being about one-third of an inch and the breadth an 
eighth. It has a smooth, flat, lance-shaped body, broadest 
behind the middle, narrowing to each end, the mouth-end 
being most pointed. There are two suckers, as in the com- 
mon fluke, the one at the front end having the mouth at the 
bottom. 
The anatomy is quite different, for in this, as in all “other 
true Distomas, the digestive tube only forks once, each branch 
remaining a simple, closed tube, running down on each side 
of the middle region of the body. The testicles are two 
large, roundish, but somewhat lobed organs, just below and 
near the ventral sucker. The uterine tube has numerous 
branches arranged on each‘side of a main central trunk, in the 
hinder part of the body. The ovaries are comparatively 
small and situated on each side of the middle region of the 
body. 
Development. 
The eggs hatch in water, after several weeks, producing 
very small, nearly round embryos, which have the vibrating 
cilia only on the head end, which is a little smaller than the 
other end. They are no not, such lively swimmers as the em- 
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