PARASITES OF ANIMALS. 135 
This may be moistened with oil, salt-water, or a weak solution 
. of carbolic acid, and introduced into the windpipe, when if it 
be twisted round once or twice and removed, it will usually 
bring away several of the worms. The operation should be 
repeated at intervals until all the worms are destroyed. All 
worms removed in this or any other way should be carefully 
destroyed, preferably by fire, for the embryos are extremely 
tenacious of life, and if left upon the ground are likely to 
spread the disease. For the same reason, those birds that are 
infected should be separated from the healthy ones, and poultry 
should never be allowed to run in the same yards or grounds, 
or be kept in the same houses where infected ones have previ- 
ously been kept, unless the premises have first been thor- 
oughly sprinkled with a strong solution of carbolic acid or 
petroleum-water, to destroy those old worms or the eggs and 
embryos that may have been discharged from the sick ones. 
The vessels from which they feed should be frequently and 
thoroughly cleansed, and they should be supplied with pure 
water, frequently renewed. 
In extreme cases, the worms may be safely removed by a 
surgical operation ; but this requires some skill. This is done 
by first carefully securing the bird, or still better by adminis- 
tering a few drops of chloroform, placed upon cotton and 
held to the nostrils. The skin of the neck is then to be di- 
vided with a very sharp knife, and the windpipe opened by a 
longitudinal slit about a quarter of an inch long. The werms 
may then be removed by a pair of small forceps or other suit- 
able instrument. The incision in the skin may be closed by 
one or two stitches, and the wound will generally heal in a 
few days. By this operation an almost instantaneous cure 
may be effected, even when the disease has progressed nearly 
to the point of suffocation ; but in unskilful hands it is not 
likely to be so successful as the remedies already described. 
The Sclerostoma of the Horse (Sclerostoma equinum Dujardin, 
or S. armatum Davaine). Figure 88. 
This is a small, slender, cylindrical worm, reddish or brown- 
ish in color, which lives in the intestines, and in peculiar 
o" nts of the arteries of horses, asses, and mules. The 
enlargeme oe Bigihzed by Microsoft® ji 
