FACTS SUPPOET MULLEE'S THEOEY 177 



advertisement of the still more xinpalatahle Danaida, 

 became even more dominant and gained a far 

 wider range than before. The mimetic resem- 

 blance arose in a species which we have reason to 

 believe possessed warning colours and some form 

 of special protection before the change occurred. 

 There is no evidence that the special protection 

 was diminished after the assumption of Mimicry, 

 and, if it remain, the new appearance is still 

 a warning character, only one that is learnt by 

 enemies more readily than the old because of the 

 wide advertisement given to it by Danaida plex- 

 ippus. The facts harmonize with the theory of 

 Fritz MtiUer rather than with that of H. W. Bates. 



THE 'POISON-EATING' SWALLOW-TAIL BUTTEE- 

 FLIES (PHAEMACOPHAGUS) AS MODELS FOE 

 MIMICEY 



The late Erich Haase gave the name of PJiar- 

 macojphagus or * Poison-eater ' to the section of 

 swaUow-tail butterflies whose larvae feed upon 

 Aristohchia or allied species, and he made the 

 probable suggestion that the qualities which render 

 them distasteful are derived from the juices of 

 the food-plant. The poison-eating swallow-tails 

 are abundant in tropical America and the Oriental 

 Kegion, but with the exception of antenor in 

 Madagascar are wanting from the Ethiopian 

 Region. They are extensively mimicked by 

 swaUow-tails of the other two sections : — Papilio, 

 of which machaon may be taken as a type, and 



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