246 WINTERING. 
bees have plenty of proper food, and are kept suitably 
dry.* But, if proper care is taken to occasionally re- 
move the roof, and often the cap or cover of the hive, 
and allow the inside to receive the direct rays of the sun 
to dry off all moisture, success in wintering will be much 
more certain. If the case or cap be adjusted loosely, it 
will afford the moisture better opportunity to escape. 
Care must, of course, be exercised in taking these pre- 
cautions not to jar, or in any way arouse the bees to 
activity ; nor should the hive be disturbed at any time 
when the temperature would induce the bees to fly. At 
such times, I would prevent their flying, by shading the 
hive from the sun. 
IN-DOOR WINTERING. 
. Dry, pure air, and a proper and even temperature, are 
two prime essentials in successful wintering. These cer- 
tainly can not be so perfectly controlled out-of-doors as 
in a suitable in-door repository. 
ARTIFICIAL HEAT. | 
The necessity of being able to supply artificial heat to 
aid in securing proper ventilation, temperature, and free- 
dom from moisture is very generally conceded. I have 
had excellent opportunities, while purchasing bees in va- 
rious sections, for noticing the circumstances under 
which they had been wintered, as well as the effect upon 
their condition in spring, and found that in proportion 
as they were aided by artificial heat, they had wintered 
well, other conditions being equal. Very often, when a 
cellar was dry, and a constant fire was kept above, the 
most satisfactory results were attained. Mr. J. H. Buck- 
lin, of Little Falls, N. Y., wintered bees in a room, par- 
titioned off in a cellar, with a brick wall between it and 
* I have found buckwheat chaff to be preferable to other materials for packing. 
