20 



INTEODUCTION. 



Order 1. 

 Order 2. 



Order 3. 



Order 4. 

 Order 5. 



air-tubes (tracheaj) in the higher forms. Antennaj converted into jaws. 

 Head and thorax amalgamated. Four pairs of legs. Abdomen without 



limbs. „ _ 



Porfosomato (Sea-spiders).— ^a;. Pycnogonum. _ 

 Morwmerosomaia.—£;x. Mites (Acarus), Water-mites (Hy- 



drachna), Ticks (Ixodes). 

 Adelarthrosomala. — Ex. Harvest-spiders (Phalangvdae), 



Book-scorpions (Chelifer). 

 Pedipalpi. — Ex. Scorpions (Scorpio). 

 Araneida.—Ex. House-spiders (Tegenaria), Field-spiders 

 (Epeira). 

 Class III. Mtriapoda.— Respiration aerial, by tracheae (air-tubes) or by 

 the skin. Head distinct ; remainder of body composed of nearly similar 

 segments ; legs more than eight pairs in number, and borne partly upon the 

 abdomen. One pair of antennse. 



Order 1. Chilopoda.—Ex. Centipedes (Scolopendra). 

 Order 2. Chilognalha.—Ex. Millipedes (lulus). 

 Order 3. Pauropoda. — Ex. Pauropus. 

 Class IV. Insecta. — Respiration aerial, by trachese. Head, thorax, and 

 abdomen distinct- One pair of anteunte. Three pairs of legs, and gen- 

 erally two pairs of wings on the thorax. No locomotive limbs on the 

 abdomen. 



Anoplura. — Ex. Lice (Pediculus). 



Mallophaga (Bird-lice). 



Thysannra (Springtails.) 



Hemiptera. — Ex. Plant-lice (Aphides), Field-bug (Penta- 



toma), Cochineal Insects (Coccus). 

 Orthoptera. — Ex. Locusts (Acrydium), Grass-hoppera 



(Gryllus), Crickets (Achetina), Cockroach (Blatta). 

 Neuroptera. — Ex. White Ants (Termes), Dragon-flies 



(Libelluhdaj), May-flies (Ephemeridee). 

 Aphaniptera. — Ex. Fleas (Pulex). 

 Diptera.—Ex. Gnats (Culex), Crane-flies (Tipula), House- 

 flies and Flesh-flies (Musca). 

 Zepidoptera (Butterflies and Moths). 

 Symenopiera. — Ex. Bees (Apidse), Humble-bees (Bom- 

 bidoe), Wasps (Vespidos), Anta (Formicidae), Saw-flies 

 (Tenthredinidse). 

 Slrepsiptera. — Ex. Stylops. 

 Cokoptera (Beetles). 



Order 

 Order 

 Order 

 Order 



Order 5. 

 Order 6. 



Order 

 Order 



Order 9. 

 Order 10. 



Order 11. 

 Order 12. 



SUB-KINODOM T.—MOLLUSCA. 



Animal soft-bodied, generally with a hard covering or shell. Nervous 

 system consisting of a single ganglion or of scattered pairs of ganglia. A 

 distinct heart and breathing-organ, or neither. 



The MoUusca may be divided into the two following primary divisions ; 

 containing the following classes : 



A. MoLLDSCOiDA. — Nervous system consisting of a single ganglion or of 

 a principal pair of ganglia. No heart, or an imperfect one. 



Class I. Polyzoa. — Animal always forming compound growths or colo- 

 nies. No heart. The mouth of each zooid surrounded by 

 a circle or crescent of cihated tentacles. — Ex. Sea-mats 

 (Flustra), Lace-coral (Fenestella). 



