ORDERS OF MAMMALIA. 319 



than the hind-limbs, and reach below the knees. The hands 

 are naked to the wrist, and the face is also naked and much 

 wrinkled. The Gorilla is in most respects like the Chimpan- 

 zee, but is much larger, attaining a height of fully five feet. 

 It is a native of Lower Guinea and Equatorial Africa, and is 

 enormously strong and very ferocious. It is now generally 

 looked upon as the highest of the Anthropoid Apes. 



Oedee XIV. BiMAiTA (Lat. J is, twice; manus, hand). — 

 In this order stands Man alone, and little, therefore, needs to 

 be said on this head. Man is distinguished zoologically from 

 all other Mammals by his habitually erect posture and pro- 

 gression upon two legs. The lower limbs are exclusively de- 

 voted to progression and to supporting the weight of the body. 

 The fore-limbs are shorter than the legs, and have nothing to 

 do with progression. The thumb can be opposed to the other 

 fingers, and the hands are therefore prehensile. The fingers 

 and toes are furnished with nails ; but the innermost digit of 

 the foot (the great-toe) is not capable of being opposed to the 

 other toes, so that the foot is useless as a grasping organ. 

 The foot is broad and plantigrade, the whole sole being ap- 

 plied to the ground in walking. 



The teeth are thirty-two in number, and they form a nearly 

 even and uninterrupted series, without any gap or interval. 

 The dental formula is : 



.2—2 1—1 2—2 3—3 oo 



^ : c : pm : tn = 32 



2—2' 1—1 ^ 2—2' 3—3 



The brain is more largely developed, and more richly furnished 

 with large and deep foldings or convolutions, than is the case 

 in any other Mammal. Lastly, Man is the only terrestrial 

 Mammal in which the body is not furnished with a general 

 covering of hair. 



The purely anatomical distinctions between Man and the 

 other Mammals are thus seen to be not very striking, and of 

 themselves they would hardly entitle Man to the position of 

 more than a distinct order in the class Mammalia. When, 

 however, we take into account the vast and unsurmountable 

 mental differences, both intellectual and moral, between Man 

 and the highest of the brutes, and when we reflect that this 

 mental difference must have some physical correspondence, 

 it becomes a question whether the group Bimana should 

 not have the value of a distinct sub-kingdom, while there 



