50 FAMILIAR GARDEN FLOWERS, 
flowered relations. In the “Grete Herball” it is called 
“Mary Gowles.” Dr. Prior, in his “ Popular Names of 
British Plants,” remarks that “it is often mentioned by 
the older poets under the name of gold simply.” Not- 
withstanding all this, the marigold decame the flower of the 
Virgin Mary, if it was not so originally. The name being 
once corrupted, the association with a personage followed, 
and in the latest days of history, say the seventeenth 
century, it became the symbol of Queen Mary. The cele- 
brated Child’s Bank, that was so long associated with old 
Temple Bar, had for its sign the marigold, and the motto 
Ains1 Mon Ang, which necessarily applies to a sunflower. 
This appears to discomfit us; but no, the marigold 7s 
a sunflower, quite as much a sunflower as the gigantic 
American plant that is now known by the name. In the 
poem by George Wither, quoted at page 63, we read 
that 
“Every morning she displayes 
Her open brest, when Titan spreads his rayes.”’ 
In Perdita’s garland for men of middle age we find 
“ The marigold that goes to bed with the sun, 
And with him rises weeping.” 
Winter's Tale, iv. 3. 
In the fifty-fourth sonnet of Drummond we have— 
‘“« Absence hath robb’d thee of thy wealth and pleasure, 
And I remain, like marigold of sun 
Depriv’d, that dies by shadow of some mountain.” 
That the marigold was often regarded as especially 
emblematic of the Virgin Mary is certain. We see 
marigold windows in Lady chapels, and we may call them 
sunflowers if it suits us to do so, but the plant we now 
know as the sunflower was certainly unknown in Europe 
