5 
ness on a secure basis. Mr. Meyenberg became engaged in the 
promotion of other companies in the middle west and on the 
Pacific coast.* At the present day the output of unsugared 
evaporated milk in America by far exceeds that of sugared 
condensed milk. 
Simultaneously with the experiments in concentrating 
and preserving milk in a semi-fluid state, there were varried 
on experiments to reduce the milk solids wholly into a dry 
state. Milk powders have been made with more or less suc- 
cess and on a small scale, ever since the middle of the last 
century. But it is only within the last twenty years that pro- 
cesses have been sufficiently perfected to assure the success of 
the business on a large scale. Excellent products are made 
‘to-day. A large number of factories have been erected in 
nearly all dairy countries during recent years and the produc- 
‘tion of milk powder bids fair to become an important factor 
in the dairy industry of the future.. 
In Europe, Switzerland is still the leading condensed milk 
manufacturing and exporting country. Previous to the war 
the yearly export ranged from 300,000 to 400,000 quintals, 
representing a value of from 30 to 40 million francs. The 
“export increased during the first years of the war (461,383 
quintals in 1916), but fell off to less than half the usual figures 
during the last years on account of various conditions caused 
by the war, e.g., reduced milk production on account of lack 
of concentrated feeds, increase of home consumption in fresh 
milk and all kinds of milk products, increase of grain raising 
at the expense of dairying, prohibition of feeding grain to 
cattle, ete. During the last year the situation has been aggra- 
vated by a very serious epidemic of foot and mouth disease 
which has already reduced the number of milk cattle very 
considerably, and even more the amount of milk produced. 
With the return of normal conditions the output and export 
will no doubt again reach their normal figures. But a consid- 
erable further expansion is not expected for various reasons. 
The companies are international, and tend to put up their 
factories as near to the markets as dairy and other conditions 
permit. Moreover, the old established Swiss cheese industry 
*One of these started with one plant in 1899, and is now operating 
iwenty large plants, in the Pacific States, in the Middle West, and in 
Canada. 
