¢ 
and Ireland, their products, of course, being used chiefly in 
the home market. In Japan, a newcomer in the dairy line, the 
condensing industry has reached proportions considerable 
enough to cover its home demand and to export some surplus 
to China and the South Sea Islands. The Japanese production 
for the year 1919 is estimated at 1,200,000 cases, representing 
a value of $2,991,000. New Zealand has had up to the present 
three large milk powder factories, which exported 325 tons 
of dried milk in 1914-15, and almost ten times that amount, 
3,225 tons, in 1918-19. Several new factories are said to be 
under construction at present. There is one large condensed 
milk factory, which had an output of 6,205,400 pounds in 
1918.* 
In South America several condensed milk factories have 
recently been established. They are mostly located in Argen- 
tina, in the vicinity of Buenos Aires. One factory exists in 
Chile and one or more in Southern Brazil (probably some also 
in Uruguay) .* 
In the United States it was the civil war which first de- 
monstrated the value of condensed milk. Armies and navies 
have always been among the principal consumers of condensed 
milk and recently milk powders. The European war accounts 
for the almost spectacular boom of the business in the United 
States and Canada since 1914. But even before that it was 
conspicuously on the increase. Though the export trade was 
not considerable, these countries were almost from the begin- 
ning favored by a good home market, which has grown pheno- 
. menally during the last twenty-five years. There have always 
existed extensive mining and lumbering districts, some pro- 
jected far into otherwise unsettled territories, in the moun- 
tains of the West and in far north Alaska and Yukon, ovt of 
reach of fresh milk. To them condensed milk has become as 
necessary as fresh milk to the ordinary community. The 
growth of some of the large cities far outran the development 
of dairying in the surrounding farming districts; the supply 
of fresh milk became inadequate and resort had to be made to 
condensed milk. Pioneer farmers in many of the grain-grow- 
ing districts were not only unable to supply the nearest towns 
and cities with fresh milk, but had to make use of the “canned 
*N. Y. Prod. Review, Dec., 1919. 
*Information by the Bureau of the Pan-American Union, Washing- 
ton, D.c 
