27 
would perhaps keep a more or less experienced operator in the 
factory for a while. The products perhaps looked quite well 
at first, and only after some had been stored a while was it 
found that they “were going wrong.” At the same time some- 
thing was learned about the difficulty of introducing the goods 
on the market. In the meantime the promoters had disposed 
of theiy shares, had been paid for their plant and machinery 
and had left the local company in the lurch. Some of them, if 
they were in otherwise favorable locations, were absorbed 
by the established larger firms, others, after an unsuccessful 
‘struggle, were abandoned altogether. The dairying in not a 
few local districts has thus been subjected to more or less 
serious temporary setbacks. 
The mode of paying for the fresh milk in condensed milk 
factories is usually by weight, the price being set per 100 
pounds. Most factories, however, take daily samples and tests — 
of every patron’s milk and in order to make due allowance for — 
the quality of the milk as indicated by its content of butter 
fat, a standard price is set for 4 or 3.50 per cent. milk and 
additions or deductions are made from this in proportion as 
the test goes above or below. According to Hunziker the 
prices paid patrons at condensaries in the United States aver- 
__ age in most cases from twenty to fifty cents higher per hun- 
_ dred pounds of milk than those paid by creameries and cheese 
factories. It must be considered, however, that during the 
expansion condensaries were trying to secure patrons and also 
that no by-products (whey or skim-milk) are returned to or 
remain on the farm. While ten years ago milk could be got for 
90c. to $1.25 per 100 Ibs., just before the war the prices ranged 
between $1.25 to $2.00. During and since the war prices as 
high as $3.50 to $4.00 have been paid. The Dominion Bureau 
of Statistics gives the averages for prices paid in 1918 and 
1919 in Canada as follows: 
Ontario British Columbia 
1918 1919 1918 1919 
Creameries . ......... 2.85 eer 8.7038 3.46 
Cheese Factories .... 1.88 saat 2.54 2.49 
Condensaries . ...... 2.21 pee 2.44 8.17 
The cost of production has naturally greatly increased 
during recent years with the increase in the price of fresh- 
milk and other supplies and equipment, as well as wages. 
