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dairy industry. In many districts it has seriously eaten into 
the cheese and butter branches. As to the future of the indus- 
tries it is difficult to make exact forecasts. It depends much 
upon the operation of world forces made abnormal by war 
influences. The following considerations may nevertheless be 
ventured. Some of the new won exporting fields will likely 
be wholly or partially maintained by the United States and 
Canada. The European countries will need some American 
milk fox some years as far as they are able to buy. The de- 
preciation of foreign exchanges and the gradual recovery of 
the milk production in most European countries are working 
‘against an export from America as large as it might other- 
wise be. The consumption in European countries will likely 
remain larger than it was before the war, as the products 
have become popularized. But production in the newer pro- 
_ ducing countries may also be increased when once the hunger 
crisis subsides and normal prosperity returns. The chief 
reliance for Canadian and United States production: will al- 
ways be the home market, which will no doubt continue to be 
large, although it may not expand as rapidly as in the past. 
On account of the war boom the increase in production on 
this side of the Atlantic has, at least temporarily, outrun the 
expansion of the home market. Some time will be required 
‘till readjustment may be established. 
It would be well in any case in the interests of the dairy 
industry as a whole, not to neglect its older branches too much 
in favor of the new. For the present at least the market for 
the new products is still less stable. The loss of the by-pro- 
ducts, whey or skim-milk, is a factor the influence of which is 
often underestimated by farmers. Moreover, condensaries 
when long established in a district are apt to acquire some- 
what dictatorial powers towards the milk producers, when 
once creameries and cheese factories have been left to decay. 
Swiss dairying has had some experience in that respect. 
Semewnat heated struggles have been carried on at times until 
the farmers found it necessary to renovate their forgotten 
cheese factories again at considerable cost and trouble. In 
’ the meantime the farmers had also to some extent got out of 
the practice of hog raising, which is always a side line in 
cheese districts in order to utilize the whey. Thus a return to 
old methods after dairy habits and the farming system were 
