32. 
adjusted to the new ones involved more than merely a choice 
between hauling the milk to the cheese factory instead of to 
the condensary. The condensed milk companies on their part 
contended, and probably not always without justification, that. 
they could get cheaper milk in other countries, and threatened 
te shut down Swiss factories. Of late, however, fair harmony 
lias prevailed and the prices for the different branches, city 
ronsumption, cheese making and condensing, are fairly ad- 
justed to each other with due allowance for the loss of by- 
_products in the case of condensary milk. . 
This leads to a last consideration. The condensing and 
milk drying industries have made of milk a world market 
product. Some of the companies have located their plants in 
widely separated countries and can push the production wher- 
ever they get the raw product the cheapest. Both factors 
have the effect that milk prices of all countries will t2nd to 
come more or less to the same level. True, cheese and butter 
ulso are articles of international trade. But as regards cheese,: 
every country produces its special kinds which often are bound 
to certain climatic conditions and old established methods of 
dairying. Butter is best fresh, and if transported far, it kas 
to be in specially refrigerated cars or bottoms. Condensed” 
milk and milk powder are more or less uniform in all coun-: 
tries; they can be transported any distance, and can be sub- 
stituted for fresh milk. 
: F. W. BAUMGARTNER. 
Queen’s University, 
Kingston, Canada. 
