- ND 
CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS. 
ARTIFICIAL SYSTEM OF LINNZ US. 
The system of Linnzus (1707-1778), comprised twenty-four classes, distinguished from 
each other by certain external peculiarities, relating to the stamens and pistils, which were 
expressed by equivalent Greek compound words, and is therefore called artificial. Though 
superseded by the natural systems of more recent botanists, it still possesses both interest 
and value, as much of the terminology of Linneus has been permanently ingrafted on 
botanical science. Among other things, he was author of the binomial system of naming 
plants by the genus and specific characteristic. This system is as follows: 
PHANOGAMOUS 
(APPARENT 
MARRIAGE”): 
WITH STAMENS 
AND PISTILS 
MANIFEST — 
FLOWERING 
PLANTS. 
CRYPTOGAMOUS 
PLANTS; STAMENS 
AND PISTILS 
INDISTINCT — 
FLOWERLESS 
PLANTS. 
Hoe 
w 
to 
H 
w 
24. 
HOO OT ANE YP 
14. 
15. 
16. 
17. 
18. 
19. 
20. 
TWENTY-FOUR CLASSES. 
Monandria, with one stamen. 
Diandria, with two stamens. 
Triandria, with three stamens. 
Tetrandria, with four stamens. 
Pentandria, with five stamens. 
Hexandria, with six stamens. s 
Heptandria, with seven stamens. 
Octandria, with eight stamens. ene 
Enneandria, with nine stamens. ) or EQUAL 
. Decandria, with ten stamens. 
. Dodecandria, eleven to nineteen 
LENGTH. 
(literally, twelve) stamens. 
. Icosandria, with twenty or more 
stamens, adhering to calyx. 
. Polyandria, with twenty or more 
stamens,adhering to receptacle 
Didynamia, “two with power,” 
two long and two short sta- 
mens. 
Tetradynamia, “four with pow- 
er;’? four long and two short 
stamens. 
STAMENS, 
UNEQUAL 
LENGTH. 
Monadelphia, “single brotherhood,” that is, 
with filaments in one bundle. 
Diadelphia, “double brotherhood,” with fila- 
ments in two bundles. 
Polyadelphia, “many brotherhoods,’ with 
filaments in more than two bundles. 
Syngenesia, “together born,” united by the 
anthers. 
Gynandria, hermaphrodite. 
. Moneecia, “single-housed,” in the same plant. 
. Dicecia, “ double-housed,” in two plants. 
. Polygamia, “ polygamous,” in one, or two, or more than two plants. 
Cryptogamia, “concealed marriage.” 
414 
STAMENS 
UNCONNECT- 
ED WITH 
EACH OTHER. 
STAMENS 
JOINED WITH 
EACH OTHER. 
STAMENS 
SEPARATE 
FROM THE 
PISTIL. 
ADHERING TO 
STAMENS 
THE PISTIL. 
"UAMOTY AZANVS AHL NI STIIMLSIG GNV SNANVLS 
FLOWERS, 
Caeser ey 
i 
