ce-oe 
=e 
CULTIVATION AND ANALYSIS OF PLANTS. 
18. 
Bicornes— Two-horned; where the pollen is 40. Personate— Masked, as the Snapdragon; near- 
discharged by two pores or tubes, as in the ly same as Didynamia Angiospermia. 
Heath and Cranberry. 41. Asperifoliza — Rough-leaved, as the Borage. 
19. Hesperide— Myrtles. 42. Verticillataa —Whorled, as the Holly; nearly 
20. Rotaceze— Wheel-form, as the Anagallis. equivalent to Didynamia Gymnospermia. 
21. Precie — Primroses. 43. Dumose — Swelling, as the Viburnum. 
22. Caryophyllee — Pinks. 44. Sepiaria— With seeds hedged in, as the Jas- 
23. Trihilatae— Maples. mine. 
24. Corydales — Tufted, as the Fumitory. 45. Umbellatee — Umbrella-like, as the Parsley. 
25. Putaminez — Pod-like-fruited, as the Caper. 46. Hederacee — Ivy. 
26. Multisiliquae— Many-podded, as the Hellebore. 47. Stellata — Star-like, as the Madder. 
27. Rhceadez — Soothing, as the Poppy. 48. Aggregate — Scale-like, as the Scabious. 
28. Luridz— Lurid, as the Nightshade. 49. Composite — With massed flowers, as the Sun- 
29. Campanacez— Bell-like, as the Bellflower. flower. 
30. Contortze — Twisted back, as the Milkweed. 50. Amentacee — With catkins, as the Willow. 
31. Veprecule — Bushy, as the Daphne. 51. Coniferee—Cone-bearing, as the Fir. . 
32. Papilionacee — Butterfly-shaped, as the Pea. 52. Coadunate— United at the base, as the Mag- 
33. Lomentaceze —With jointed pods, as the Cassia. nolia. 
34. Cucurbitaceze— Curved, as the Gourd. 53. Scabrida — Rough, as the Nettle. 
35. Senticosee— Thorny, as the Rose. 54. Miscellaneze — Miscellaneous flowering plants 
36. Pomacez — Apple. not embraced in the foregoing. 
37. Columniferee —Column-like, as the Mallow. 55. Filices — Ferns. 
38. Tricocceze — Three-kerneled, as the Spurge. 56. Musci— Mosses. 
39. Siliquosze — With long pods, as the Mustard; 57. Alga-— Seaweeds. 
same as Cruciferz, or Tetradynamia. 58. Fungi— Funguses. 
plants. 
notice of earlier observers. 
NATURAL SYSTHMS. 
afettun based on the internal affinities and essential properties of 
One of the great advantages derivable from such methods 
is the bringing together into the same groups the plants that approach 
nearest to each other in structural characteristics. 
more philosophical than the artificial methods, which depended mainly 
on outward similarities; but the final determination of the numerous divisions 
and subdivisions of the vegetable kingdom, and the most appropriate nomen- 
clature, has not yet been reached. The investigations of specialists are con- 
tinually bringing to light new peculiarities, or differences that had escaped the 
And hence every new writer on botany devises a 
They are of course 
method which is assumed to be an improvement on what preceded him. 
Our distinguished native botanist, Dr. Asa Gray, of Harvard University, whose ele- 
mentary works on botany have been declared by competent criticism to be “ unsurpassed 
in the language for precision, simplicity, perspicuity and comprehensiveness,” has formed a 
very elaborate system, mainly natural, but with a slight admixture of the artificial method. 
The following table, showing a natural system, has been constructed, mainly from the 
“Genera Plantarum” of the late Austro-Hungarian botanist, Stephen Ladislaus Endlicher: 
416 
