380 A Practical Hand Book 



days, then crawl down the tree to the larger limbs, trunk, or even 

 to the ground, and pupate, either in crevices of the bark or on the 

 ground, the adult beetles escaping from the pupae after about a 

 week. 



In the more northern states these beetles are the ones which 

 winter over, and though they may feed somewhat on the leaves 

 during the fall, do little injury. In the middle and more southern 

 states, however, they return to the trees and lay eggs for a second 

 generation of grubs, which feed during the late summer months 

 and become adult before winter. 



It is rarely profitable to spray twice for these insects — once as 

 soon as the leaves have developed, and again about the time the 

 young hatch — and the usual treatment is to spray with arsenate 

 of lead, using about five pounds of the arsenate to fifty gallons of 

 water, about the time the eggs hatch, the exact date varying con- 

 siderably with difference of latitude. The spray should be di- 

 rected so as to reach the under side of the leaves as far as possible, 

 as the grubs feed only on that side. 



If for any reason spraying is not possible or has been neglected, 

 the trunk and larger limbs of the trees should be made quite 

 smooth, to leave as few crevices as possible high up where the 

 grubs might pupate, thus inducing them to come farther down 

 where they may be destroyed by the use of a contact poison, such 

 as strong kerosene emulsion. Sticky bands on a tree are of no pro- 

 tection against this insect, as the beetle flies freely. 



The Sugar-maple Borer. 



This insect attacks trees in full vigor, the borer making a bur- 

 row often several feet in length in a single season. Where this 

 runs obliquely around the trunk or a limb it causes a more or less 

 complete girdling, seriously injuring, or in some cases where two 

 or three borers are present, even killing the tree. 



The adult beetle is about an inch long, black and yellow, the 

 markings making it very noticeable. It is found mainly during 

 July and August, during which period the eggs are laid. The 

 young borers which hatch from the eggs bore just under the bark, 



